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Table 4 Multivariable Adjusted Prevalence Odds Ratios of Factors Associated with Cyberbullying by Immigrant Status and Sex

From: Factors associated with cyber-victimization among immigrants and non-immigrants in Canada: a cross-sectional nationally-representative study

  Immigrants Non-immigrants
Model 3: Female Model 4: Male Model 5: Female Model 6: Male
aPOR 95% CI aPOR 95% CI aPOR 95% CI aPOR 95% CI
Individual-level
 Age: 45+ years 1.00 ref.    1.00 ref.   
 15–24 years 3.24 1.09, 9.60    1.63 1.04, 2.57   
 25–44 years 2.76 1.11, 6.83    1.33 0.91, 1.94   
Marital status: Married/common law    1.00 ref.    1.00 ref.
Single (never married)    2.17 0.91, 5.15    2.06 1.33, 3.20
Divorced, separated, widowed    4.02 0.70, 23.20    0.89 0.43, 1.85
Education (high school completed)      1.80 1.09, 2.97   
Mental health condition    3.50 1.36, 8.97 2.93 1.99, 4.32 2.28 1.37, 3.78
Alcohol use in past month: None 1.00 ref.       
 High 2.22 0.65, 7.58       
 Low 2.70 1.07, 6.79       
Interpersonal-level
 History of child maltreatment 5.12 1.93, 13.58 4.18 1.97, 8.86    2.10 1.38, 3.19
 Number of close friends/relatives: More than 10        1.00 ref.
 0–5        1.29 0.78, 2.12
 6 to 10        1.23 0.72, 2.10
 Any IPV      1.70 1.02, 2.86 2.98 1.60, 5.56
 Perceived discrimination 4.08 1.65, 10.08    1.71 1.11, 2.65 2.12 1.22, 3.68
Neighbourhood-level
 Unwelcoming neighbourhood 3.60 1.44, 9.02 5.46 1.95, 15.31     
 Neighbourhood discrimination        2.38 1.22, 4.65
 n (unweighted)   2891   2672   10,651   8785
  1. Abbreviations: aPOR adjusted prevalence odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval
  2. Models are adjusted for the number of predictors included in the model
  3. Due to stratification by gender, categories of age and household income had to be collapsed due to low cell count
  4. All estimates are weighted using bootstrapped sampling weights
  5. Empty cells indicate that variables were dropped from final models
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