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Table 4 Odds ratios of COVID-19 outcomes comparing non-Kuwaitis to Kuwaitis

From: COVID-19 clinical outcomes and nationality: results from a Nationwide registry in Kuwait

 

Odds Ratio

Lower CI

Upper CI

p-value

ICU Admission

 Model 1

2.434

1.161

5.557

0.025

 Model 2

1.926

0.856

4.723

0.131

 Model 3

1.930

0.770

5.483

0.186

Death

 Model 1

3.463

1.463

9.082

0.007

 Model 2

2.190

0.884

6.019

0.108

 Model 3

1.627

0.535

5.915

0.422

Composite Outcome (Death or ICU)

 Model 1

3.099

1.693

5.972

< 0.001

 Model 2

2.143

1.117

4.316

0.027

 Model 3

1.902

0.882

4.412

0.116

ARDS

 Model 1

3.297

1.752

6.552

< 0.001

 Model 2

2.439

1.229

5.091

0.014

 Model 3

1.899

0.850

4.592

0.134

Pneumonia

 Model 1

2.626

1.556

4.593

< 0.001

 Model 2

2.241

1.265

4.108

0.007

 Model 3

1.456

0.756

2.918

0.274

  1. Model 1: adjusted for age, smoking and comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, asthma and cancer
  2. Model 2: adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus gender; Model 3: adjusted for variables in Model 2 plus BMI