Table 4 Linear regression results of precautionary measures during the past 14 day associated with the psychological impact of the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak measured with DASS-Subscales and the IES-R
From: Psychological correlates of COVID-19 pandemic in the Austrian population
Variables | M (SD) | Stress | Anxiety | Depression | Impact of Event | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R2 | B (95% CI) | p | R2 | B (95% CI) | p | R2 | B (95% CI) | p | R2 | B (95% CI) | p | ||
Covering mouth while coughing or sneezing | |||||||||||||
5-point Likert scale (1 = never to 5 = always; continuous) | 4.02 (1.23) | 0.002 | 0.35 ± 0.27 | .011 | 0.002 | 0.32 ± 0.21 | .002 | 0.000 | 0.02 ± 0.26 | .90 | 0.008 | 1.77 ± 0.60 | <.001 |
Avoiding sharing utensils | |||||||||||||
5-point Likert scale (1 = never to 5 = always; continuous) | 3.62 (1.49) | 0.000 | 0.16 ± 0.22 | .15 | 0.001 | 0.14 ± 0.17 | .10 | 0.000 | 0.12 ± 0.21 | .26 | 0.000 | 0.26 ± 0.49 | .30 |
Thorough hand washing | |||||||||||||
5-point Likert scale (1 = never to 5 = always; continuous) | 4.72 (0.54) | 0.000 | 0.19 ± 0.61 | .54 | 0.001 | 0.38 ± 0.47 | .11 | 0.001 | −0.62 ± 0.58 | .036 | 0.004 | 2.89 ± 1.36 | <.001 |
Washing hands immediately after coughing or sneezing | |||||||||||||
5-point Likert scale (1 = never to 5 = always; continuous) | 3.78 (1.18) | 0.000 | 0.19 ± 0.28 | .19 | 0.004 | 0.43 ± 0.22 | <.001 | 0.000 | −0.19 ± 0.27 | .17 | 0.009 | 1.96 ± 0.62 | <.001 |
Wearing a face mask | |||||||||||||
5-point Likert scale (1 = never to 5 = always; continuous) | 1.30 (0.79) | 0.003 | 0.74 ± 0.42 | <.001 | 0.006 | 0.83 ± 0.32 | <.001 | 0.001 | 0.36 ± 0.40 | .08 | 0.006 | 2.28 ± 0.92 | <.001 |
Wearing gloves while shopping | |||||||||||||
5-point Likert scale (1 = never to 5 = always; continuous) | 1.98 (1.50) | 0.007 | 0.61 ± 0.22 | <.001 | 0.013 | 0.63 ± 0.17 | <.001 | 0.004 | 0.46 ± 0.21 | <.001 | 0.017 | 2.11 ± 0.48 | <.001 |
Washing hands after contact with potentially infectious objects | |||||||||||||
5-point Likert scale (1 = never to 5 = always; continuous) | 4.28 (1.07) | 0.003 | 0.56 ± 0.31 | <.001 | 0.005 | 0.53 ± 0.24 | <.001 | 0.000 | 0.20 ± 0.29 | .18 | 0.010 | 2.25 ± 0.68 | <.001 |
Physical activity | |||||||||||||
5-point Likert scale (1 = never to 5 = always; continuous) | 3.19 (1.41) | 0.014 | −0.90 ± 0.23 | <.001 | 0.012 | −0.65 ± 0.18 | <.001 | 0.015 | −0.89 ± 0.22 | <.001 | 0.008 | −1.50 ± 0.52 | <.001 |
Feeling that too much unnecessary worry has been made | |||||||||||||
5-point Likert scale (1 = never to 5 = always; continuous) | 2.44 (1.07) | 0.014 | 0.81 ± 0.31 | <.001 | 0.017 | 0.51 ± 0.24 | <.001 | 0.019 | 0.90 ± 0.29 | <.001 | 0.008 | 1.16 ± 0.68 | <.001 |