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Table 1 Respondent characteristics

From: Hypertension and diabetes in Zanzibar – prevalence and access to care

Characteristics [mean (SEM) or unweighted n (%)]

Total

Women

Men

2146 (100%)

1354 (53.1%)

792 (46.9%)

Age (years) [mean]

38.4 [0.30]

37.6 [0.34]

39.2 [0.51]

BMI (kg/m2) [mean]

24.5 [0.18]

25.3 [0.24]

23.5 [0.25]

Blood pressure (mmHg), measured

 Systolic blood pressure [mean]

130.2 [0.72]

127.7 [1.00]

132.9 [1.03]

 Diastolic blood pressure [mean]

77.8 [0.44]

77.7 [0.59]

79 [13.9]

 BP ≥140/90 mmHg

340 (29.8%)

221 (28.5%)

119 (31.4%)

Age groups

 25–34 years

717 (40.0%)

469 (41.1%)

248 (38.7%)

 35–49 years

897 (43.0%)

593 (45.1%)

304 (40.7%)

 50–64 years

532 (17.0%)

292 (13.7%)

240 (20.6%)

Blood glucose (mmol/L), measured

 Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) [mean]

4.41 [0.05]

4.36 [0.08]

4.48 [0.07]

 Impaired FBG

65 (2.5%)

41 (1.9%)

24 (3.2%)

 Diabetic FBG (at or above 6.1 mmol/L)

99 (3.9%)

61 (3.7%)

38 (4.0%)

Marital status

 single, never married

138 (9.3%)

60 (0.06%)

78 (13.3%)

 married or cohabiting

1741 (81.3%)

1060 (80.2%)

681 (82.6%)

 divorced or widowed

267 (9.4%)

234 (14.2%)

33 (0.04%)

Residence

 Rural

1337 (50.2%)

826 (49.4%)

511 (51.1%)

 Urban

809 (49.8%)

528 (50.6%)

281 (48.9%)

Education

 No formal education

554 (18.9%)

418 (24.2%)

136 (13.0%)

 Some primary or secondary education

958 (48.8%)

574 (46.9%)

384 (50.9%)

 Secondary education or above completed

634 (32.3%)

362 (28.9%)

272 (36.0%)

Employment status

 No formal employment

846 (34.6%)

769 (56.9%)

77 (9.5%)

 Self-employed

972 (45.5%)

430 (29.4%)

542 (63.8%)

 Formally employed

328 (19.8%)

155 (13.8%)

173 (26.7%)

Tobacco use

 Never smoked

1850 (85.9%)

1310 (97.8%)

540 (72.4%)

 Current smoker

139 (7.3%)

31 (1.4%)

126 (14.0%)

 Former smoker

157 (6.8%)

13 (0.8%)

126 (13.6%)

Sedentary time/day

 Less than 3 h

1459 (69.1%)

916 (68.3%)

543 (70.1%)

 3 h or more

687 (30.9%)

438 (31.7%)

249 (29.9%)

Physical activity level/week

 At or above 600 METs

1488 (69.4%)

856 (63.3%)

632 (79.8%)

 Below 600 METs

656 (30.6%)

496 (36.7%)

160 (20.2%)

BMI classification

 Underweight

153 (8.1%)

110 (8.5%)

70 (7.9%)

 Normal weight

1180 (54.7%)

659 (48.8%)

494 (61.2%)

 Overweight

474 (22.3%)

306 (22.2%)

168 (22.3%)

 Obese

339 (14.9%)

279 (20.4%)

60 (8.7%)

Total cholesterol

 Raised (≥5 mmol/L)

593 (25.8%)

446 (31.0%)

147 (19.8%)

Previous diagnosed with diabetes

40 (1.7%)

20 (1.2%)

20 (2.2%)

Mental ill health

152 (6.9%)

118 (8.7%)

34 (4.9%)

Has hypertension (as per study definition)

813 (33.5%)

515 (35.5%)

298 (32.8%)

Has diabetes (as per study definition)

114 (4.7%)

69 (4.6%)

45 (4.7%)

Previously had BP measured

1151 (50.0%)

872 (69.9%)

279 (32.3%)

Previously had FBG measured

382 (16.4%)

249 (17.9%)

133 (14.5%)

  1. Data are displayed as mean (and standard error) or percentage (and number of participants). All percentages are calculated using weighted variables. Numbers of participants are non weighted. Study definition of hypertension: Previously diagnosed with hypertension by health care worker, or a measured SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg during the survey. Study definition of diabetes: Previously diagnosed with diabetes by health care worker, or a measured FBG ≥ 6.1 mmol/L during the survey