Early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sedentary behavior in children living in the U.S.

BMC Public Health

Table 5 Results of the Ordinal Logistic Regression Model for Variables Predicting Parents’ Perceived Changes in Children’s Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior from the pre-COVID-19 period (February 2020) to the Early-COVID-19 period (April–May 2020)

	Perceived Changes in Physical Activity				Perceived Changes in Sedentary Behavior
	Estimate (SE)	p-value	Odds Ratio	OR 95% CI	Estimate (SE)	p-value	Odds Ratio	OR 95% CI
Intercept 1 (much more)	−2.697 (1.384)	0.051			−0.210 (1.404)	0.613
Intercept 2 (somewhat more)	−1.750 (1.375)	0.203			0.658 (1.403)	0.639
Intercept 3 (about the same)	−0.863 (1.371)	0.529			1.475 (1.407)	0.294
Intercept 4 (somewhat less)	0.160 (1.369)	0.907			2.530 (1.425)	0.076
Child age
9–13 years (vs. 5–8 years)	0.838 (0.277)	0.003	2.312	[1.342, 3.979]	−0.623 (0.280)	0.026	0.536	[0.309, 0.929]
Child sex
Female (vs. Male)	−0.269 (0.274)	0.327	0.068	[0.447, 1.307]	0.003 (0.279)	0.992	1.003	[0.581, 1.731]
Child ethnicity
Hispanic (vs. non-Hispanic)	0.867 (0.411)	0.035	2.389	[1.064, 5.323]	−0.364 (0.403)	0.367	0.695	[0.316, 1.531]
Parent work status
Full-time (vs. not Full-time)	−0.120 (0.294)	0.682	0.887	[0.498, 1.578]	−0.088 (0.299)	0.769	0.916	[0.510, 1.645]
Parent marital status
Married (vs. not Married)	0.454 (0.449)	0.312	1.575	[0.654, 3.792]	0.640 (0.474)	0.177	1.896	[0.749, 4.802]
Household Income (>$95,000 is ref.)
< $24,999	−0.658 (0.981)	0.502	0.518	[0.076, 3.540]	1.001 (0.987)	0.316	2.721	[0.385, 19.20]
$25,000 - $54,999	0.796 (0.674)	0.238	2.217	[0.591, 8.306]	−0.715 (0.716)	0.318	0.489	[0.120, 1.992]
$55,000 - $94,999	0.129 (0.367)	0.726	1.138	[0.554, 3.540]	0.340 (0.370)	0.358	1.404	[0.680, 2.901]

n = 188 for perceived changes in physical activity, and n = 187 for perceived changes in sedentary behavior. For dependent variable, the reference group is much less. SE = Standard error. OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval

ISSN: 1471-2458