Skip to main content

Table 4 The results of modeling the effects of the educational intervention on awareness, the constructs of HBM, and behavior, taking the effect of time into account

From: Application of Freire’s adult education model in modifying the psychological constructs of health belief model in self-medication behaviors of older adults: a randomized controlled trial

Variable

The intervention group

The control group

p-Value in Model 1

p-Value in Mode 2

Before

After

Before

After

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Awareness

48.63 ± 18.21

82.87 ± 12.24

44.45 ± 19.86

45.30 ± 19.70

0.27

<  0.001**

Perceived Susceptibility

47.65 ± 15.49

78.79 ± 17.58

48.10 ± 17.02

50.15 ± 15.71

0.4

0.02*

Perceived Severity

49.53 ± 16.08

62.22 ± 14.05

45.46 ± 13.38

44.51 ± 11.47

0.5

<  0.001**

Perceived Benefits

53.10 ± 19.44

75.75 ± 11.24

55.75 ± 6.39

56.89 ± 5.99

0.002**

0.003**

Perceived Barriers

58.10 ± 17.66

53.33 ± 18.48

50.60 ± 18.19

50.83 ± 16.88

0.14

0.03*

Behavior

45.74 ± 11.98

15.53 ± 5.82

48.48 ± 17.59

45.92 ± 15.44

<  0.001**

<  0.001**

  1. Model 1: The model adjusted for the pre-intervention measurements
  2. Model 2: The model adjusted for the pre-intervention measurements, gender, age, educational level, occupation, income, and insurance status