From TVs to tablets: the relation between device-specific screen time and health-related behaviors and characteristics

Table 4 Mean ranks in dietary habits between light-, moderate-, and heavy- users of screens by total screen time per day and individual screen-based device

	Total screen time per day		Television		Television-connected device		Laptop		Smartphone		Tablet
	Mean Rank	N	Mean Rank	N	Mean Rank	N	Mean Rank	N	Mean Rank	N	Mean Rank	N
Dietary patterns
Light users	415.16	296	423.84	222	443.80	288	465.38	292	408.64	308	456.83	774
Moderate users	463.37	311	447.62	372	464.38	232	465.91	274	481.38^†	252	–	–
Heavy users	508.48^*	319	501.46ˆ	327	476.97	406	460.14	360	497.36ˆ	366	497.47	152
Frequency of family meals without any screens on
Light users	501.56	296	472.22	222	472.30	288	478.75	292	484.98	308	456.99	774
Moderate users	445.46^†	311	475.55	372	488.11	232	474.92	274	453.85	252	–	–
Heavy users	445.77^*	319	436.83	327	443.19	406	442.44	360	452.07	366	496.66	152
Frequency of family meals while watching television
Light users	442.04	296	410.49	222	466.03	288	461.31	292	447.27	308	463.87	774
Moderate users	446.49	311	420.70	372	426.17	232	468.52	274	454.10	252	–	–
Heavy users	500.00ˆ	319	541.14ˆ	327	483.04^**	406	461.45	360	483.63	366	461.60	152
Frequency of fast food consumption
Light users	435.51	296	430.11	222	404.77	288	472.35	292	420.16	308	453.65	774
Moderate users	454.33	311	455.55	372	496.05^†	232	457.30	274	479.52^†	252	–	–
Heavy users	498.41^*	319	488.17^*	327	486.56^*	406	461.05	360	488.94 ˆ	366	513.67^*	152

Note. ^*Heavy users statistically different than light users at α < 0.05; ^**Heavy users statistically different than moderate users at α < 0.05; ˆHeavy users statistically different than moderate and light users at α < 0.05; ^†Moderate users statistically different than light users at α < 0.05

ISSN: 1471-2458