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Table 2 Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for the associations between chronic widespread pain, common mental disorders and disability pension in the whole sample (n = 7884) and of the co-twins discordant for exposure (n = 324)

From: Adverse outcomes of chronic widespread pain and common mental disorders in individuals with sickness absence – a prospective study of Swedish twins

 

Disability pension

Crude

Model 1a

Model 2b

Co-twin modelc

CWP and/or CMDs

 No CWP and CMDs

1

1

1

1

 Having CWP but no CMDs

2.93 (2.44–3.52)

2.49 (2.07–2.99)

2.43 (2.02–2.93)

2.98 (1.59–5.58)

 No CWP but having CMDs

1.22 (1.03–1.44)

1.54 (1.30–1.82)

1.50 (1.27–1.78)

0.96 (0.52–1.81)

 Having both CWP and CMDs

2.49 (1.78–3.47)

2.84 (2.03–3.97)

2.65 (1.89–3.71)

1.39 (0.42–4.59)

  1. * CWP Chronic Widespread pain, CMDs Common mental disorders
  2. a Model 1: adjusted for sex, age, education, children living at home, type of living area, and cohort
  3. b Model 2: adjusted for sex, age, education, children living at home, type of living area, cohort, self-rated health, pain, headache, migraine, and cancer
  4. c Co-twin model: adjusted for age and familial (genetic and shared environmental) factors by matching
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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