Table 1 Demographic characteristics of participants according to anxiety symptoms stratified by gender

N

26,354

1557

10,719

449

15,635

1108

Age (year), mean ± SD

55.94 ± 12.27

56.34 ± 11.37

0.180

57.21 ± 12.16

56.62 ± 12.05

0.316

55.07 ± 12.27

56.22 ± 11.09

< 0.001

Married/cohabitation, n (%)

23,697 (89.92)

1381 (88.70)

0.121

9645 (89.98)

397 (88.42)

0.282

14,052 (89.88)

984 (88.81)

0.257

Educational levels, n (%)

< 0.001

0.061

< 0.001

 Primary school or below

11,921 (45.23)

848 (54.46)

.

3693 (34.45)

179 (39.87)

.

8228 (52.63)

669 (60.38)

.

 Junior high school

10,131 (38.44)

547 (35.13)

.

4828 (45.04)

187 (41.65)

.

5303 (33.92)

360 (32.49)

.

 Senior high school or above

4302 (16.32)

162 (10.40)

.

2198 (20.51)

83 (18.49)

.

2104 (13.46)

79 (7.13)

.

Average monthly income, n (%)

< 0.001

0.067

< 0.001

 < 500 RMB

9654 (36.63)

693 (44.51)

.

4059 (37.87)

194 (43.21)

.

5595 (35.79)

499 (45.04)

.

 500- RMB

8380 (31.80)

430 (27.62)

.

3285 (30.65)

122 (27.17)

.

5095 (32.59)

308 (27.80)

.

 ≥ 1000 RMB

8320 (31.57)

434 (27.87)

.

3375 (31.49)

133 (29.62)

.

4945 (31.63)

301 (27.17)

.

Current smoker, n (%)

5226 (19.83)

215 (13.81)

< 0.001

5182 (48.34)

212 (47.22)

0.639

44 (0.28)

3 (0.27)

0.948

Current drinker, n (%)

4515 (17.13)

174 (11.18)

< 0.001

4215 (39.32)

151 (33.63)

0.015

300 (1.92)

23 (2.08)

0.713

Physical activity, n (%)

0.018

0.872

0.002

 Light

8353 (31.70)

440 (28.26)

.

3697 (34.49)

155 (34.52)

.

4656 (29.78)

285 (25.72)

.

 Moderate

9672 (36.70)

601 (38.60)

.

2973 (27.74)

129 (28.73)

.

6699 (42.85)

472 (42.60)

.

 Vigorous

8329 (31.60)

516 (33.14)

.

4049 (37.77)

165 (36.75)

.

4280 (27.37)

351 (31.68)

.

BMI (kg/m²), mean ± SD

24.74 ± 3.57

24.31 ± 3.58

< 0.001

24.45 ± 3.45

23.90 ± 3.40

< 0.001

24.93 ± 3.64

24.48 ± 3.63

< 0.001

Night sleep duration(h), mean ± SD

7.72 ± 1.26

7.47 ± 1.51

< 0.001

7.72 ± 1.27

7.57 ± 1.50

0.041

7.73 ± 1.26

7.43 ± 1.52

< 0.001

Napping duration (min), mean ± SD

58.84 ± 50.76

56.69 ± 53.20

0.121

64.10 ± 50.20

62.12 ± 52.52

0.412

55.23 ± 50.83

54.49 ± 53.34

0.656

PSQI score, mean ± SD

3.66 ± 2.61

6.04 ± 3.63

< 0.001

3.22 ± 2.27

5.20 ± 3.21

< 0.001

3.96 ± 2.77

6.38 ± 3.74

< 0.001

Poor sleep quality, n (%)

5315 (20.17)

772 (49.58)

< 0.001

1556 (14.52)

185 (41.20)

< 0.001

3759 (24.04)

587 (52.98)

< 0.001