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Table 3 The description of household expenditure of child allowance non-recipients and recipients before and after matching

From: Is Japan’s child allowance effective for the well-being of children? A statistical evaluation using data from K-CHILD study

Variables

Before matching

 

After matching

Child allowance (−)

N = 219

Child allowance (+)

N = 7988

P-value

Child allowance (−)

N = 217

Child allowance (+)

N = 217

P-value

N / Mean

% / SD

N / Mean

% / SD

N / Mean

% / SD

N / Mean

% / SD

Financial investment

 Goods for child

  Yes

186

86.5

6909

88.4

 

184

86.4

177

85.1

 

  No

29

13.5

911

11.7

0.408

29

13.6

31

14.9

0.705

 Family events

  Yes

179

81.7

5436

68.1

 

177

81.6

163

75.1

 

  No

40

18.3

2552

32.0

< 0.001

40

18.4

54

24.9

0.103

 Extracurricular activities

  0 JPY

35

16.7

1547

20.2

 

35

16.8

33

15.7

 

  0–9999 JPY

65

31.0

2956

38.7

 

64

30.8

61

29.1

 

  10,000–19,999 JPY

42

20.0

1633

21.4

 

42

20.2

50

23.8

 

  20,000–29,999 JPY

28

13.3

839

11.0

 

27

13.0

37

17.6

 

   30,000 JPY

40

19.1

667

8.7

< 0.001

40

19.2

29

13.8

0.388

Time investment

 Parent-child positive interaction score (1-45)

 

21.66

4.9

22.32

5.0

0.060

21.70

4.9

20.86

4.8

0.079

 No maltreatment

  Yes

157

75.1

5057

66.1

 

155

74.9

153

72.5

 

  No

52

24.9

2592

33.9

0.007

52

25.1

58

27.5

0.583

  1. Bold signified p < 0.050