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Table 2 Prevalence of overweight/obesity by study variables among urban women in Ethiopia, 2000–2016

From: Trends and determinants of underweight and overweight/obesity among urban Ethiopian women from 2000 to 2016

Variables

2000

2005

2011

2016

2000–2016

2000–2016

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

aDiff (95% CI)

Socioeconomic factors

 Women’s education

  No schooling

64 (7.4)

30 (11.5)

105 (13.7)

95 (18.5)

294 (12.2)

11.1 (6.1, 16.2)

  Primary school

64 (10.3)

30 (10.6)

201 (13.1)

228 (21.7)

523 (15.0)

11.3 (5.1, 17.6)

  Secondary and higher

151 (14.2)

98 (17.2)

228 (18.0)

341 (22.2)

818 (18.4)

8.0 (3.1, 12.9)

 Women’s employment

  No employment

109 (9.8)

76 (12.0)

206 (13.7)

219 (17.1)

610 (13.5)

7.3 (2.9, 11.6)

  Formal employment

133 (14.3)

75 (21.1)

258 (18.0)

391 (27.2)

857 (20.6)

12.8 (7.1, 18.6)

  Informal employment

37 (7.4)

6 (5.0)

68 (11.2)

54 (14.3)

165 (10.3)

6.9 (3.5, 13.4)

 Marital status

  Not married

88 (8.1)

43 (8.4)

113 (7.4)

143 (11.2)

388 (8.8)

3.1 (−0.4, 6.6)

  Currently married

144 (14.4)

85 (21.1)

348 (22.1)

414 (29.4)

992 (22.6)

14.9 (8.3, 21.6)

  Formerly married

47 (9.9)

29 (15.5)

72 (15.3)

107 (25.5)

256 (16.5)

15.6 (7.7, 23.9)

 Household wealth status

  Poor

135 (8.4)

54 (8.8)

3 (2.8)

3 (2.9)

195 (8.0)

−6.8 (−12.3, −1.3)

  Middle

107 (16.6)

54 (21.2)

 

1 (2.1)

162 (16.6)

−10.3 (−16.3, −4.4)

  Rich

8 (11.6)

30 (27.4)

531 (15.4)

661 (22.4)

1229 (18.7)

11.8 (7.5, 16.2)

 Toilet facility

  Unimproved

46 (6.2)

50 (9.6)

205 (10.0)

216 (14.2)

517 (10.7)

8.0 (3.3, 12.7)

  Improved

233 (12.8)

102 (18.1)

325 (21.7)

437 (28.4)

1096 (20.3)

15.6 (10.6, 20.5)

 Source of drinking water

  Unimproved

33 (9.1)

4 (4.3)

37 (12.1)

66 (12.2)

140 (10.8)

3.1 (−4.3, 10.6)

  Improved

246 (11.2)

154 (15.0)

496 (15.2)

599 (23.4)

1496 (16.5)

12.1 (7.7, 16.6)

Demographic factors

 Women’s age

  15–24 years

85 (6.8)

42 (7.4)

128 (7.4)

131 (10.0)

386 (7.9)

3.2 (−0.1, 6.5)

  25–34 years

93 (13.6)

57 (19.9)

197 (18.0)

260 (24.6)

607 (19.4)

11.1 (5.7, 16.4)

  35–49 years

101 (16.5)

58 (22.7)

29 (28.1)

274 (37.4)

642 (27.4)

20.9 (11.8, 30.1)

 Parity

  None

105 (8.5)

57 (9.7)

145 (8.4)

191 (12.6)

498 (9.8)

4.1 (0.5, 7.7)

  1–4 children

115 (13.2)

76 (19.5)

309 (21.2)

408 (31.3)

908 (22.6)

18.1 (12.0, 24.2)

  5+ children

59 (13.3)

25 (18.3)

79 (20.5)

65 (23.3)

229 (18.3)

10.0 (−0.2, 20.2)

Behavioural factors

 Listening radio

  No

49 (7.8)

33 (15.9)

130 (15.4)

261 (19.3)

474 (15.6)

11.5 (6.1, 16.8)

  Yes

230 (12.0)

122 (13.6)

403 (14.9)

403 (23.0)

1158 (15.9)

11.1 (6.8, 15.4)

 Read magazine

  No

157 (10.1)

70 (13.2)

282 (14.3)

382 (18.4)

890 (14.6)

8.3 (3.9, 12.6)

  Yes

122 (12.1)

88 (15.3)

251 (15.8)

283 (27.4)

743 (17.7)

15.3 (10.5, 20.2)

 Watch television

  No

87 (7.2)

29 (9.9)

56 (7.6)

72 (10.1)

244 (8.3)

3.0 (−1.7, 7.6)

  Yes

192 (14.3)

129 (15.7)

477 (16.9)

592 (24.8)

1390 (18.8)

10.5 (6.0, 15.1)

Community-level factors

 Region of residence

  Tigray

6 (2.7)

4 (4.5)

24 (8.8)

41 (16.1)

75 (9.0)

13.4 (7.3, 19.6)

  Afar

4 (12.5)

2 (18.3)

4 (10.1)

6 (19.0)

16 (14.3)

6.5 (−2.8, 15.9)

  Amhara

34 (7.5)

20 (11.3)

74 (8.5)

71 (10.7)

198 (9.2)

3.2 (−2.2, 8.6)

  Oromia

87 (10.7)

48 (14.2)

121 (14.2)

194 (25.1)

451 (16.2)

14.3 (2.5, 26.1)

  Somali

4 (8.3)

11 (26.1)

31 (26.8)

17 (25.0)

62 (23.0)

16.7 (7.7, 25.6)

  Benishangul

1 (2.9)

1 (10.8)

3 (9.0)

5 (20.5)

9 (11.3)

17.6 (11.1, 24.1)

  SNNPRb

27 (10.7)

10 (10.8)

97 (20.5)

60 (16.5)

194 (16.4)

5.8 (−7.8, 19.4)

  Gambella

1 (3.8)

1 (5.2)

3 (13.6)

2 (13.5)

6 (10.9)

9.7 (4.2, 15.1)

  Metropolis

117 (16.1)

62 (17.6)

177 (20.1)

269 (29.4)

625 (21.7)

13.3 (10.5, 16.0)

  1. n (%): weighted count and proportion for each variable
  2. aDiff indicates the point percentage change in prevalence of underweight between 2000 to 2016
  3. bSNNPR: Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region