Table 2 Anthropometric, clinical and metabolic characteristics of participating children, at the start of the study
Characteristics | Intervention (n = 90) Mean ± SD | Control (n = 87) Mean ± SD | pb |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 8.6 ± 1.5 | 8.7 ± 1.3 | 0.356 |
Male (%) | 51 (56.7) | 50 (57.5) | 0.914 |
Anthropometrics | |||
Weight (kg) | 49.1 ± 12.5 | 48.5 ± 10.3 | 0.783 |
Height (cm) | 138.5 ± 10.3 | 137.9 ± 9.4 | 0.661 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.0 ± 3.4 | 25.2 ± 3.3 | 0.673 |
BMI (percentile) | 97.5 ± 2.3 | 97.6 ± 2.1 | 0.937 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 82.9 ± 10.1 | 82.4 ± 9.0 | 0.700 |
Blood Pressure | |||
Systolic (mmHg) | 92.6 ± 9.4 | 93.7 ± 9.9 | 0.392 |
Systolic (Percentile)a | 17.4 (5.9–30.2) | 19.6 (7.3–33.1) | 0.580 |
Diastolic (mmHg) | 59.1 ± 8.2 | 60.8 ± 10.7 | 0.190 |
Diastolic (Percentile)a | 45.5 (25.4–56.6) | 45.4 (25.3–78.0) | 0.470 |
Metabolics | |||
Glucose (mg/dL) | 88.8 ± 7.9 | 89.1 ± 16.1 | 0.934 |
Cholesterol HDL (mg/dL)a | 45 (34–53) | 43 (35.7–52) | 0.961 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL)a | 123 (76–169) | 103 (75–162) | 0.436 |
Insulin (μU/mL)a | 16.8 (19.9–25.8) | 15.7 (10.6–23.9) | 0.551 |
HOMA-IRa | 3.5 (2.3–5.9) | 3.4 (2.4–5.3) | 0.912 |
Physical activity | |||
Exercise (h/wk)a | 5.5 (3–10) | 7 (4–11) | 0.051 |
Sedentary (h/wk)a | 13 (9.5–18.0) | 14 (10.5–20.0) | 0.156 |
Maternal schooling (%) | |||
Primary education or less | 14 (16.7) | 12 (14.0) | |
Secondary | 28 (33.3) | 39 (45.4) | |
High school or more | 42 (50.0) | 35 (40.7) | 0.276 |