Fig. 3From: Temporal dynamics in total excess mortality and COVID-19 deaths in Italian citiesCumulative mortality differencesa before and during COVID-19 outbreak, by geographical areab, age and sex. Footnotes. a Green and red bars represent cumulative differences between observed and expected deaths before and during the COVID-19 outbreak, respectively; yellow bars show cumulative COVID-19 deaths. b Panel a: northern Italy (12 cities); panel b: central and southern Italy (19 cities)Back to article page