Fig. 2
From: Temporal dynamics in total excess mortality and COVID-19 deaths in Italian cities
Mortality trendsa before and during the COVID-19 outbreak by geographical areab. Footnotes. a Panel a and c show daily deviations between observed and baseline mortality, together with COVID-19 daily deaths. Panel b and d present daily trends in net excess mortality (e.g. total mortality after removal of baseline and COVID-19 deaths) with parametric curve derived from natural spline with 3 degrees of freedom (red line) and 95% confidence bands (light blue shaded area) for Northern and Central and Southern Italy respectively. b Panel a and b: northern Italy (12 cities); panel c and d: central and southern Italy (19 cities)