Table 3 Results of meta-analyses included in the current study

Brown et al. 2013 [19]

Exercise vs control

Hedges’ g = − 0.35**

-0.56, − 0.13

60%

Carter et al. 2016 [25]

Exercise vs control

SMD = − 0.52

-1.30, 0.26

83%

Conn 2010 [18]

Supervised exercise vs control

SMD = − 0.37***

− 0.50, − 0.24

45%

Unsupervised exercise vs control

SMD = − 0.52***

− 0.77, − 0.28

66%

Forsman et al. 2011 [20]

Exercise vs control

SMD = − 0.10

− 0.36, 0.16

0%

Gordon et al. 2018 [26]

Exercise vs control

Hedges’ d = −0.81***

−1.29, − 0.33

NP

Larun et al. 2006 [27]

Vigorous exercise vs control

SMD = −0.66*

−1.25, − 0.08

80%

Park et al. 2014 [28]

Exercise vs control

SMD = −0.36*

−0.64, − 0.08

93%

Rethorst et al. 2009 [17]

Exercise vs control

Hedges’ g = −0.59*

−0.67, − 0.5

NP