Characteristics | Urban | Rural | P1 |
---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 1545 (75.5) | 502 (24.5) | |
Demographics | |||
Age (y), mean ± SD | 46.3 ± 8.9 | 47.1 ± 9.8 | 0.124 |
Low education level, n (%) | 413 (26.7) | 233 (46.4) | < 0.001 |
Behavioral risk factors | |||
Smoking status, n (%) | |||
Current smoker | 198 (12.8) | 51 (10.2) | 0.114 |
Former smoker | 175 (11.3) | 42 (8.4) | 0.061 |
Unhealthful diet, n (%) | 556 (36) | 146 (29.4) | 0.007 |
Low physical activity, n (%) | 1061 (68.7) | 354 (71.5) | 0.240 |
Current alcohol use, n (%) | 18 (1.2) | 6 (1.2) | 0.956 |
Hypertension | |||
Hypertension, n (%) | 442 (28.6) | 178 (35.5) | 0.004 |
Awareness among patients with known hypertension, n (%) | 275 (62.2) | 104 (58.4) | 0.381 |
Treated hypertension among patients with known hypertension, n (%) | 266 (60.2) | 99 (55.6) | 0.296 |
Controlled hypertension among those with known hypertension, n (%) | 144 (32.6) | 46 (25.8) | 0.100 |
Treated hypertension and SBP ≥140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥90 mmHg, n (%) | 122 (45.9) | 53 (53.5) | 0.192 |
Treated hypertension and SBP > 120 mmHg and/or DBP > 80 mmHg, n (%) | 227 (85.3) | 91 (91.9) | 0.095 |
Treated hypertension and SBP > 130 mmHg and/or DBP > 80 mmHg, n (%) | 191 (73.5) | 81 (83.5) | 0.047 |
Diabetes | |||
Diabetes, n (%) | 360 (23.3) | 156 (31.1) | < 0.001 |
Among patients with diabetes | < 0.001 | ||
On insulin alone | 11 (3.1) | 3 (1.9) | |
On OHA alone | 249 (69.2) | 64 (41.0) | |
On both | 31 (8.6) | 3 (1.9) | |
Not on prescription drug | 69 (19.2) | 86 (55.1) | |
Dyslipidemia | |||
Total cholesterol > 5.2 mmol/l and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol > 3.5 mmol/l, n (%) | 439 (31.5) | 130 (34.1) | 0.330 |
Obesity | |||
BMI, mean | 30.4 ± 5.8 | 31.4 ± 6.2 | 0.037 |
BMI, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
< 25.0 | 245 (15.9) | 65 (12.9) | |
25.0–30.0 | 569 (36.8) | 153 (30.5) | |
30.1–35.0 | 454 (29.4) | 159 (31.7) | |
> 35.0 | 275 (17.8) | 124 (24.7) | |
Abdominal obesity, n (%) | |||
Waist circumference > 102 cm (men) or > 88 cm (women) | 754 (48.8) | 251 (50) | 0.641 |
Waist circumference > 90 cm (men) or > 85 cm (women) | 1156 (74.8) | 365 (72.7) | 0.347 |
Psychosocial | |||
Self-report of being sad or “blue,” n (%) | 272 (17.6) | 43 (8.6) | < 0.001 |
General feeling of stress, n (%) | |||
Several periods of stress | 296 (19.6) | 43 (8.7) | < 0.001 |
Permanent stress | 121 (8) | 15 (3) | < 0.001 |
Medical history | |||
History of ischemic heart disease (angina or myocardial infarction), n (%) | 36 (2.3) | 15 (3) | 0.411 |
History of stroke, n (%) | 12 (0.8) | 8 (1.6) | 0.118 |
History of heart failure, n (%) | 8 (0.5) | 5 (1) | 0.327 |
INTERHEART Risk Score, median (25th–75th, IQR) | 11 (8,16) | 12 (7,17) | 0.833 |