Table 2 Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors stratified by age groups in the PURE-Saudi study
Characteristics | 35–49 y | 50–59 y | 60–70 y | P1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 1352 (66) | 469 (22.9) | 226 (11) | |
Demographics | ||||
Low education level, n (%) | 293 (21.7) | 211 (45) | 142 (62.8) | < 0.001 |
Behavioral risk factors | ||||
Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
Current smoker | 181 (13.4) | 48 (10.2) | 20 (8.8) | 0.054 |
Former smoker | 124 (9.2) | 60 (12.8) | 33 (14.6) | 0.011 |
Unhealthful diet, n (%) | 524 (38.9) | 118 (25.2) | 60 (26.5) | < 0.001 |
Low physical activity, n (%) | 899 (66.8) | 346 (73.9) | 170 (75.2) | 0.002 |
Current alcohol use, n (%) | 14 (1) | 7 (1.5) | 3 (1.3) | 0.632 |
Hypertension | ||||
Hypertension, n (%) | 246 (18.2) | 227 (48.4) | 147 (65) | < 0.001 |
Awareness among patients with known hypertension, n (%) | 112 (45.5) | 159 (70) | 108 (73.5) | < 0.001 |
Treated hypertension among patients with known hypertension, n (%) | 100 (40.6) | 157 (69.2) | 108 (73.5) | < 0.001 |
Controlled hypertension among those with known hypertension, n (%) | 49 (19.9) | 89 (39.2) | 52 (35.4) | < 0.001 |
Treated hypertension and SBP ≥140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥90 mmHg, n (%) | 51 (51) | 68 (43.3) | 56 (51.8) | 0.304 |
Treated hypertension and SBP > 120 mmHg and/or DBP > 80 mmHg, n (%) | 86 (86) | 135 (86) | 97 (89.8) | 0.609 |
Treated hypertension and SBP > 130 mmHg and/or DBP > 80 mmHg, n (%) | 80 (80.8) | 115 (73.7) | 77 (75.5) | 0.423 |
Diabetes | ||||
Diabetes, n (%) | 175 (12.9) | 211 (45) | 130 (57.5) | < 0.001 |
Among patients with diabetes | 0.831 | |||
On insulin alone | 5 (2.9) | 6 (2.8) | 3 (2.3) | |
On OHA alone | 105 (60) | 130 (61.6) | 78 (60) | |
On both | 12 (6.9) | 10 (4.7) | 12 (9.2) | |
Not on prescription drug | 53 (30.3) | 65 (30.8) | 37 (28.5) | |
Dyslipidemia | ||||
Total cholesterol > 5.2 mmol/l and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol > 3.5 mmol/l, n (%) | 380 (32.4) | 124 (29.9) | 65 (34.2) | 0.514 |
Obesity | ||||
BMI, mean | 30.6 ± 6 | 31.4 ± 5.5 | 29.5 ± 5.7 | 0.003 |
BMI, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
< 25.0 | 211 (15.6) | 46 (9.8) | 53 (23.4) | |
25.0–30.0 | 488 (36.1) | 161 (34.3) | 73 (32.3) | |
30.1–35.0 | 388 (28.7) | 160 (34.1) | 65 (28.8) | |
> 35.0 | 262 (19.4) | 102 (21.7) | 35 (15.5) | |
Abdominal obesity, n (%) | ||||
Waist circumference > 102 cm (men) or > 88 cm (women) | 628 (46.4) | 262 (55.9) | 115 (50.9) | 0.002 |
Waist circumference > 90 cm (men) or > 85 cm (women) | 960 (71) | 389 (82.9) | 172 (76.1) | < 0.001 |
Psychosocial | ||||
Self-report of being sad or “blue,” n (%) | 252 (18.6) | 47 (10) | 16 (7.1) | < 0.001 |
General feeling of stress, n (%) | ||||
Several periods of stress | 249 (18.6) | 74 (16.3) | 16 (7.5) | < 0.001 |
Permanent stress | 121 (9.1) | 11 (2.4) | 4 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
Medical history | ||||
History of ischemic heart disease (angina or myocardial infarction), n (%) | 15 (1.1) | 19 (4.0) | 17 (7.5) | < 0.001 |
History of stroke, n (%) | 6 (0.4) | 5 (1.1) | 9 (4) | < 0.001 |
History of heart failure, n (%) | 2 (0.1) | 7 (1.5) | 4 (1.8) | < 0.001 |
INTERHEART Risk Score, median (25th–75th, IQR) | 10 (7,14) | 14 (10,19) | 16 (12,21) | < 0.001 |