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Table 5 Associations between socio-demographic characteristics and patient adherence after controlling for mediators

From: An examination of the socio-demographic correlates of patient adherence to self-management behaviors and the mediating roles of health attitudes and self-efficacy among patients with coexisting type 2 diabetes and hypertension

Variables

Adherence to medication therapy

Adherence to diet therapy

Adherence to regular exercise

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

Sex

 Male

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Female

1.47 (0.77, 2.81)

0.25

1.33 (0.72, 2.45)

0.36

0.46 (0.24, 0.88)

0.02

Age (years)

  < 64

1

 

1

 

1

 

  ≥ 64

1.08 (0.57, 2.05)

0.82

1.72 (0.91, 3.28)

0.10#

1.00 (0.52, 1.90)

0.99

Education level

 Lower

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Higher

0.57 (0.29, 1.12)

0.11

1.07 (0.58, 1.99)

0.83

1.66 (0.85, 3.26)

0.14

Living status

 Living alone

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Living with family/others

0.59 (0.22, 1.59)

0.30

0.72 (0.29, 1.79)

0.48

3.19 (1.14, 8.91)

0.03#

Perceived health status

 Poor

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Good

1.98 (1.03, 3.80)

0.04#

1.29 (0.70, 2.38)

0.41

1.62 (0.85, 3.08)

0.14

Diabetes duration (years)

  ≤ 15

1

 

1

 

1

 

  > 15

0.96 (0.50, 1.84)

0.90

1.02 (0.55, 1.90)

0.95

1.68 (0.89, 3.16)

0.11

Hypertension duration (years)

  ≤ 10

1

 

1

 

1

 

  > 10

1.50 (0.78, 2.88)

0.22

0.85 (0.45, 1.61)

0.63

0.63 (0.33, 1.19)

0.15

Variables

Adherence to tobacco and alcohol avoidance

Adherence to stress reduction

Adherence to self-monitoring/self-care

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

Sex

 Male

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Female

10.03 (3.88, 25.91)

< 0.001

0.58 (0.31, 1.10)

0.10

1.22 (0.67, 2.21)

0.51

Age (years)

  < 64

1

 

1

 

1

 

  ≥ 64

1.71 (0.76, 3.83)

0.20

0.69 (0.36, 1.32)

0.26

2.09 (1.09, 4.02)

0.03#

Education level

 Lower

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Higher

1.08 (0.49, 2.35)

0.85

1.54 (0.79, 2.98)

0.21

0.97 (0.53, 1.78)

0.92

Living status

 Living alone

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Living with family/others

0.10 (0.01, 0.84)

0.03

0.76 (0.28, 2.02)

0.58

2.30 (0.91, 5.84)

0.08

Perceived health status

 Poor

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Good

1.80 (0.83, 3.94)

0.14

1.52 (0.81, 2.85)

0.19

0.81 (0.44, 1.48)

0.50

Diabetes duration (years)

      

  ≤ 15

1

 

1

 

1

 

  > 15

0.87 (0.40, 1.86)

0.71

1.62 (0.86, 3.07)

0.14

2.36 (1.25, 4.46)

0.01

Hypertension duration (years)

      

  ≤ 10

1

 

1

 

1

 

  > 10

1.36 (0.61, 3.03)

0.46

1.19 (0.62, 2.28)

0.60

0.77 (0.41, 1.45)

0.42

  1. # indicates that the significant associations between socio-demographic characteristics and patient adherence (as in Table 2) decreased or became nonsignificant after controlling for the mediators (as in Table 5)