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Table 4 Factors associated with having at least one AGE episode during a winter season (univariate and multivariate analysis) among the 8811 participants-season, using the AGE definition of the WHO expert group

From: Determinants and risk factors of gastroenteritis in the general population, a web-based cohort between 2014 and 2017 in France

     univariate analysis multivariate analysis
Variable   N* Case N (%) OR [IC 95%] p-value OR [IC 95%] p-value
Season 2014–2015 3905 574 (15%) – < 0.001 – < 0.001
2015–2016 4906 682 (14%) 0.92 [0.82–1.03]   0.92 [0.82–1.04]  
2016–2017 5164 568 (11%) 0.71 [0.63–0.80]   0.68 [0.60–0.78]  
Sociodemographic characteristics   
Gender Female 8381 1168 (14%) – < 0.001 – < 0.001
Male 5594 656 (12%) 0.82 [0.74–0.92]   0.81 [0.72–0.91]  
Age (years) 15 to 59 7171 1018 (14%) –   –  
<  10 461 146 (32%) 2.82 [2.27–3.51]   2.33 [1.35–4.02]  
10 to 14 347 60 (17%) 1.26 [0.93–1.71] < 0.001 1.09 [0.60–1.95] < 0.001
≥ 60 5978 596 (10%) 0.67 [0.59–0.75]   0.70 [0.61–0.80]  
Household composition Living with adults only 7266 833 (11%) –   –  
Living alone 2217 309 (14%) 1.22 [1.05–1.43] < 0.001 1.20 [1.03–1.41] 0.052
Living with ≥1 child 4443 675 (15%) 1.37 [1.22–1.53]   0.95 [0.83–1.10]  
Main activity Working 6595 905 (14%) –    
Student 1287 262 (20%) 1.61 [1.37–1.89]    
Unemployed 370 53 (14%) 1.03 [0.75–1.42]    
Retired 4959 494 (10%) 0.69 [0.61–0.78]    
Stay at home/Sick leave 506 56 (11%) 0.79 [0.58–1.07] < 0.001   
Level of education High school diploma 2564 316 (12%) –   –  
Middle school diploma 2211 221 (10%) 0.80 [0.66–0.97]   0.78 [0.64–0.95]  
Higher education 7488 1048 (13%) 1.05 [0.91–1.22] < 0.001 1.00 [0.86–1.16] 0.031
Not concerned 961 228 (24%) 2.23 [1.82–2.74]   1.19 [0.71–1.99]  
Place of residency Rural 2696 360 (13%) –    
Urban 11,279 1464 (13%) 0.97 [0.85–1.10] 0.605   
Exposure
Use of public transportation No 11,787 1450 (13%) –    
Yes 2188 284 (13%) 0.98 [0.85–1.13] 0.815   
Pets at home None 7689 933 (12%) –   –  
At least one 6264 889 (14%) 1.20 [1.08–1.33] < 0.001 1.18 [1.06–1.32] 0.009
Contact with patients No 12,556 1603 (13%) –    
Yes 1424 221 (16%) 1.26 [1.08–1.48] 0.003   
Contact with elderly No 12,551 1653 (13%) –    
Yes 1424 171 (12%) 0.90 [0.76–1.07] 0.226   
Contact with a group of people No 9535 1212 (13%) –    
Yes 4440 612 (14%) 1.10 [0.99–1.22] 0.091   
Contact with children No 10,587 1489 (12%) –    
Yes 3388 335 (16%) 1.33 [1.18–1.49] < 0.001   
Health characteristics
Common cold frequency Never 6076 634 (10%) –   –  
Rare 5031 652 (13%) 1.24 [1.10–1.39] < 0.001 1.14 [1.01–1.29] < 0.001
Often 2510 500 (20%) 2.05 [1.79–2.34]   1.58 [1.37–1.82]  
Smoking status Non smoker 12,466 1624 (13%) –    
Smoker 1493 198 (13%) 1.02 [0.86–1.20] 0.860   
Comorbiditiesa No comorbidities 10,987 1407 (13%) –   –  
At least one comorbidity 2988 417 (14%) 1.10 [0.97–1.25] 0.136 1.18 [1.03–1.36] 0.004
Treated asthma 841 138 (16%) 1.32 [1.08–1.62] 0.008   
Treated diabetes 526 75 (14%) 1.10 [0.83–1.46] 0.508   
Treated heart condition 1400 172 (12%) 0.94 [0.79–1.12] 0.522   
Treated kidney condition 87 9 (10%) 0.73 [0.33–1.59] 0.425   
Treated immunosuppression 386 68 (18%) 1.43 [1.07–1.91] 0.017   
Treated pulmonary condition 365 52 (14%) 1.08 [0.80–1.45] 0.633   
Respiratory allergy None 9254 1131 (12%) –   –  
At least one 4721 693 (15%) 1.23 [1.10–1.37] < 0.001 1.20 [1.07–1.35] < 0.001
BMI Normal weight (18.5 to 24[) 6923 976 (12%) –   –  
Underweight (<  18.5) 1126 93 (15%) 1.26 [1.00–1.60]   0.99 [0.77–1.26]  
Overweight (25 to 29) 3340 459 (12%) 1.00 [0.88–1.14] 0.005 1.16 [1.02–1.33] < 0.001
Obese (≥ 30) 1347 240 (16%) 1.30 [1.10–1.54]   1.35 [1.13–1.61]  
  1. aWe only include the gathered variable “At least one comorbidity” in the final model, none of the individual one listed below
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