Effect of public hospital managers’ risk and gain perception on their attitude towards physician dual practice: a cross-national study in 31 provinces of China

Table 4 Distribution of basic characteristic of managers among the rate of support for physician dual practice

Variables	No		Yes		Total	χ²	P
Variables	n	%	n	%	Total	χ²	P
Demographic characteristics
Sex						0.54	0.464
Male	54	62.79	839	58.79	893
Female	32	37.21	588	41.21	620
Age (years)						11.27	0.004
≤ 40	12	13.95	440	30.83	452
41–50	48	55.81	665	46.60	713
≥ 51	26	30.23	322	22.56	348
Education						1.26	0.738
PhD	4	4.65	68	4.77	72
Master	19	22.09	379	26.56	398
Bachelor	58	67.44	921	64.51	979
Others	5	5.81	59	4.13	64
Work characteristics
Major						1.58	0.208
Others	31	36.05	613	42.96	644
Medicine	55	63.95	814	57.04	869
Length of service (years)						1.42	0.492
≤ 5	31	44.29	597	48.73	628
6–10	17	24.29	321	26.20	338
≥ 11	22	31.43	307	25.06	329
Level of manager’s position						0.626	0.429
≤ Deputy division	64	74.42	1114	78.07	1178
≥ Country level	22	25.58	313	21.93	335
Working environment characteristics
Institutional category						0.669	0.414
Others	27	31.40	510	35.74	537
General hospital	59	68.60	917	64.26	976
Institutional level						0.02	0.895
< tertiary level	4	4.94	68	5.28	72
tertiary level	77	95.06	1221	94.72	1298
Institutional territory						6.26	0.044
East	25	29.76	547	38.39	572
Middle	35	41.67	413	28.98	448
West	24	28.57	465	32.63	489
Location						0.18	0.668
Provincial capital city	28	32.56	497	34.83	525
Non-provincial capital city	58	67.44	930	65.17	988

ISSN: 1471-2458