Table 4 Stigma for CMDs between racial minorities and majorities: Effect sizes of primary outcomes in all studies
Study | Ethnic Group | Type | Outcomes | g | 95% CI | Forest plot of Hedges’ g and 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adewuya, 2008 [31] | Other | SR | SDS | -0.15 | -0.36~0.05 |
|
Ahn 2015 [32] | Asian | SR | PDD | -0.12 | -0.21~-0.03 | |
Anglin 2016 [18] | Black | VIG | Study | -0.13 | -0.32~0.05 | |
Aznar-Lou 2016 [33] | Asian | SR | CAMI-23 | 0.67 | -0.06~1.42 | |
Aznar-Lou 2016 [33] | Black | SR | CAMI-23 | 0.15 | -0.11~0.41 | |
Aznar-Lou 2016 [33] | Other | SR | CAMI-23 | 0.17 | -0.07~0.41 | |
Brown 2010 [19] | Black | SR | ISMI, PDD | -0.07 | -0.25~0.11 | |
Caplan 2011[22] | Hisp. | SR | Study | -0.04 | -0.33~0.24 | |
Cheng 2015 [15] | Asian | VIG | AQ | 0.29 | 0.10~0.48 | |
Conner 2010 [34] | Black | SR | ISMI, PDD | 0.16 | -0.02~0.35 | |
Conner 2009 [18] | Black | SR | ISMI, PDD | 0.76 | 0.36~1.17 | |
Copelj 2011 [35] | Other | VIG | DSS | 1.04 | 0.64~1.44 | |
Eisenberg 2009 [36] | Asian | SR | PDD | 0.16 | 0.07~0.24 | |
Eisenberg 2009 [36] | Black | SR | PDD | 0.51 | 0.39~0.64 | |
Eisenberg 2009 [36] | Hisp. | SR | PDD | 0.15 | 0.04~0.27 | |
Eisenberg 2009 [36] | Other | SR | PDD | 0.17 | 0.04~0.29 | |
Fogel 2005 [16] | Asian | SR | Study | 0.31 | 0.26~0.35 | |
Georg Hsu 2008 [17] | Asian | VIG | Study | 0.67 | 0.27~1.07 | |
Givens 2007 [21] | Native | SR | Study | -0.21 | -0.27~-0.14 | |
Givens 2007 [21] | Hisp. | SR | Study | -0.01 | -0.05~0.02 | |
Hickie 2007 [37] | Asian | SR | Study | 0.33 | -0.01~0.68 | |
Jimenez 2012 [23] | Black | SR | Study | 0.16 | 0.05~0.26 | |
Makowski 2017 [11] | Other | VIG | Study | 0.15 | -0.00~0.31 | |
Menke 2009 [38] | Black | SR | LSCS | 0.23 | 0.05~0.41 | |
Mokkarala 2016 [39] | Asian | SR | Study | 0.21 | -0.09~0.52 | |
Nadeem 2007 [8] | Black | SR | Study | 0.16 | -0.09~0.52 | |
Nadeem 2007 [8] | Hisp. | SR | Study | 0.13 | 0.01~0.24 | |
O`Mahen 2011 [40] | Black | SR | LSCS | 0.37 | 0.20~0.54 | |
Papadopoulos 2002 [41] | Other | SR | CAMI-23 | 0.51 | 0.09~0.24 | |
Picco 2016 [42] | Asian | SR | ISMI | -0.14 | 0.20~0.81 | |
Rao 2007 [43] | Asian | VIG | AQ | 0.47 | 0.19~0.75 | |
Rao 2007 [43] | Hispanic | VIG | AQ | 0.42 | 0.17~0.67 | |
Rüsh 2012 [44] | Asian | SR | CAMI-23 | 0.21 | 0.11~0.45 | |
Rüsh 2012 [44] | Black | SR | CAMI-23 | 0.28 | 0.22~0.89 | |
Schafer 2011 [45] | Black | SR | CAMI-23 | 0.56 | 0.16~0.54 | |
Shamblaw 2015 [46] | Asian | SR | DAQ, SDS | 0.35 | -0.23~-0.06 | |
Subramaniam 2017 [23] | Asian | VIG | DSS | -0.14 | 0.08~0.23 | |
Wang 2013 [47] | Black | VIG | SDS | 0.36 | 0.20~0.53 | |
Wang 2013 [47] | Hisp. | VIG | SDS | 0.15 | -0.12~0.42 |
