Table 1 Sample characteristics among US-born Latino youth and Latina mothers by maternal foreign-born and citizenship status, and maternal insurance coverage status
Total | Maternal Citizenship Status | Maternal Insurance Coverage Status | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
US-born Citizen | Naturalized Citizen | Noncitizen | Private | Public | Uninsured | ||||
N | 15,912 | 7154 | 2517 | 6241 | (P) | 6173 | 4284 | 5455 | (P) |
Weighted % | 100 | 44.9 | 15.8 | 39.2 | 38.8 | 26.9 | 34.3 | ||
Youth Uninsurance | |||||||||
No | 92.4 | 93.7 | 93.1 | 90.6 | < 0.001 | 97.8 | 99.1 | 81.1 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 7.6 | 6.3 | 6.9 | 9.4 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 18.9 | ||
Predisposing Factors | |||||||||
Maternal Marital Status | |||||||||
Married | 63.3 | 55.1 | 75.4 | 67.9 | < 0.001 | 75.7 | 44.8 | 61.9 | < 0.001 |
Divorced/Separated | 13.1 | 14.8 | 15.5 | 10.1 | 11.3 | 17.2 | 12.4 | ||
Never Married | 23.6 | 30.1 | 9.1 | 22.0 | 13.0 | 38.0 | 25.7 | ||
Interview Language | |||||||||
English/ Spanish and English | 77.5 | 95.6 | 81.0 | 55.4 | < 0.001 | 90.4 | 76.4 | 63.5 | < 0.001 |
Spanish/Other | 22.5 | 4.4 | 19.0 | 44.6 | 9.7 | 23.6 | 36.5 | ||
Maternal Education Level | |||||||||
Less than a High School Degree | 32.0 | 14.0 | 20.7 | 57.1 | < 0.001 | 12.2 | 37.2 | 49.9 | < 0.001 |
High School Degree | 53.6 | 66.5 | 57.6 | 37.2 | 57.5 | 57.9 | 45.4 | ||
College Degree or more | 14.4 | 19.5 | 21.7 | 5.8 | 30.3 | 4.9 | 4.7 | ||
Maternal Employment | |||||||||
Working/With a job | 58.1 | 66.7 | 68.9 | 43.9 | < 0.001 | 78.3 | 45.4 | 45.7 | < 0.001 |
Unemployed | 6.0 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 5.8 | 2.1 | 9.9 | 7.7 | ||
Not in Labor Force | 35.9 | 26.9 | 25.8 | 50.3 | 19.7 | 44.7 | 46.6 | ||
Maternal Age | |||||||||
18–29 | 31.0 | 39.3 | 16.2 | 27.5 | < 0.001 | 20.3 | 42.1 | 33.4 | < 0.001 |
30–39 | 46.3 | 41.9 | 46.2 | 51.4 | 49.2 | 40.1 | 48.9 | ||
40–49 | 19.2 | 15.9 | 30.8 | 18.4 | 25.5 | 15.0 | 15.9 | ||
50–64 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 6.9 | 2.7 | 4.9 | 2.9 | 1.9 | ||
US Census Region | |||||||||
Northeast | 12.5 | 11.8 | 18.3 | 10.9 | 0.953 | 12.2 | 22.4 | 8.4 | 0.462 |
North Central/Midwest | 10.0 | 10.5 | 8.1 | 10.3 | 10.8 | 9.7 | 9.3 | ||
South | 37.5 | 36.2 | 36.5 | 39.3 | 38.3 | 20.3 | 50.2 | ||
West | 40.0 | 41.5 | 37.2 | 39.5 | 38.8 | 47.7 | 32.1 | ||
Enabling Factor | |||||||||
Income (%FPL) | |||||||||
200% and above | 38.5 | 51.0 | 50.8 | 19.2 | < 0.001 | 73.1 | 14.6 | 17.1 | < 0.001 |
100–199% | 31.8 | 26.4 | 30.7 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 36.0 | 39.6 | ||
99% and below | 29.7 | 22.6 | 18.4 | 42.4 | 5.4 | 49.4 | 43.3 | ||
Need Factors | |||||||||
Maternal General Health Status | |||||||||
Excellent/very good | 60.7 | 62.4 | 65.8 | 56.8 | < 0.001 | 69.2 | 52.6 | 56.9 | < 0.001 |
Good | 30.5 | 28.3 | 27.5 | 34.3 | 25.1 | 34.7 | 33.3 | ||
Fair/poor | 8.8 | 9.3 | 6.8 | 8.9 | 5.7 | 12.7 | 9.7 | ||
Youth General Health Status | |||||||||
Excellent/very good | 79.4 | 81.9 | 81.8 | 75.5 | < 0.001 | 85.8 | 75.1 | 74.8 | < 0.001 |
Good | 18.2 | 15.8 | 16.1 | 21.8 | 13.2 | 20.9 | 22.3 | ||
Fair/poor | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 4.1 | 2.9 | ||
Contextual Characteristic | |||||||||
Year | |||||||||
2010–2013 | 43.2 | 41.7 | 40.0 | 46.3 | < 0.001 | 40.2 | 37.9 | 50.1 | < 0.001 |
2014–2015 | 22.8 | 22.3 | 23.0 | 23.4 | 23.0 | 24.6 | 21.5 | ||
2016–2018 | 33.9 | 36.1 | 37.0 | 30.3 | 36.7 | 37.6 | 27.9 | ||