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Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of households included in the analysis, 2018

From: Socioeconomic inequality in tobacco expenditure in Iran: a cross-sectional analysis at national and subnational levels

Variables

Mean [32]

n (%)

Tobacco expenditure as % of household budget

p-value

%

SD

Demographic variables

 Age of household head (years)

49.9 (13.6)

 

5.2

5.2

0 < 0.001

 Sex of household head

    

0 < 0.001

 Male

 

7254 (94.8)

5.1

5.0

 

 Female

 

394 (5.2)

6.6

8.7

 

Proportion of males in the household

 

55.2

5.2

5.2

0.017

Socioeconomic variables

 Household size

    

0.991

 Less than 4

 

3643 (47.6)

5.5

5.5

 

 4 and above

 

4006 (52.4)

5.0

5.1

 

Education status of household head

    

0 < 0.001

 Illiterate

 

1585 (20.7)

6.8

6.9

 

 Literate

 

6064 (79.3)

4.8

4.6

 

Economic status of households

    

0 < 0.001

 Poorest

 

1422 (18.6)

7.6

7.5

 

 Poor

 

1695 (22.2)

5.8

5.2

 

 Middle

 

1652 (21.6)

5.1

4.7

 

 Rich

 

1511 (19.7)

4.0

3.8

 

 Richest

 

1369 (17.9)

3.6

3.3

 

Ecological variables

 Geographical area

    

0 < 0.001

  Urban

 

3592 (47.0)

4.6

4.9

 

  Rural

 

4057 (53.0)

5.8

5.5

 

 Province category based on HDI*

    

0 < 0.001

  Low**

 

2773 (36.2)

6.2

6.1

 

  Middle***

 

2553 (33.4)

5.1

4.7

 

  High****

 

2323 (30.4)

4.2

4.6

 
  1. Note: HDI* is the human development index; Low**: Sistan and Baluchestan, Kurdistan, North Khorasan, South Khorasan, West Azerbaijan, Ardebil, Hormozgan, Zanjan, Hamadan, Golestan, Kerman provinces; Middle***: Razavi Khorasan, Lorestan, East Azerbaijan, Markazi, Kohgiluyeh Buyer Ahmad, Kermanshah, Chahar Mahall and Bakhtiari, Qazvin, Khuzestan, Gilan provinces; High****: Fars, Bushehr, Ilam, Qom, Semnan, Yazd, Mazandaran, Esfahan, Tehran, Alborz provinces