Table 4 Educational methods of national traffic safety educational program

Audio and visual media

The most important Educational methods presented in the present study are IRIB documentary and educational films, slides and educational books, radio, educational banners and posters, pamphlets, leaflets, tracts, flip charts, and any channel that can reasonably pass the educational content to the users, so that a person can feel the main causes of the behavior.

“All tutorials should contain photos, documentary films, etc.”

“Now, the main mission of television and radio is training of traffic behaviors. The required training materials for IRIB must be provided by Ministry of Health and the police.”

Practical training

Real and practical training of behaviors in real-world environments of society, such as traffic parks, streets, etc. that stabilizes behavior. For children and license applicants, the practical traffic safety training will be more effective. Regarding the first aid, the practical trainings will be more effective.

“After teaching, they better learn to cross the street with the police.”

Modeling

Different target groups have specific models and references that can be used as training practices, including movie stars, artists, teachers, parents, friends, and other important people can affect the behavior of users as role models.

“Considering important characters in TV series and movies as role models.”

“Children consider parents, teacher, and television as role models.”

Simulators

Equipping driver’s license centers with simulators for driving training, training of pedestrians in different target groups with simulators, conditional driving, first aid, and effect of drug use on behavior with simulators might lead to reasonable behaviors in the real environment.

“If someone in the simulator sees what would happen in case of texting while crossing the street, it could happen in the real world.”

Courses

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“Taking courses through health centers, schools and organizations involved in traffic ...”

Campaign

In traffic campaigns, a message is sent from all channels, such as TV, radio, municipality, police, etc. on a specific behavior that is one of the priorities, which influences people across the country.

“Many behaviors will be resolved using the campaign, such as campaign for the pedestrian crossing, child seat, etc.”

Workshop

Workshops for management courses for managers at different levels to increase the empowerment and literacy of managers.

“Traffic workshops for health system staff, ...”

Training seminars

Specialized seminars and meetings for experts on professional issues.

“In a more limited state such as seminar.”

Group discussion

Participation in group discussions creates a commitment to behavior, so this training method must be used depending on the target group and educational content.

“Having group discussions and talking about unhealthy behaviors.”

Social networks

Virtual and real networks in the community increase the communication between individuals. This increases the social support of individuals within the network. The use of social networks on training of traffic behaviors increases social support for individuals within the network and safe traffic behaviors.

“Using social media…”

“People support in social networks…”

Material and spiritual fines

Severe and costly financial and moral penalties on the traffic violations are among the methods that make a person stop doing the violations, for which he/she has been punished. Preventive penalties, for example: Examining the driving records of a person prior to everything when applying for a job, especially jobs with high social aspects.

“Experience of costly fines is effective even more than culture and education. People have concluded that in case of any violation, 20% of salary must be paid as fines.”

“Issuing a fine for one of the university professors for having traffic violations was sweeping in front of the university. This is the prevention.”

Summary reports

To educate policymakers and planners, the experts from different fields should be used, and the statistics on death, injury, loss of workforce, and side costs should be sent briefly to a table or chart.

“A brief must be sent to all different policymakers and managers.”