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Table 2 Multilevel Logistic Regression results of factors associated with institutional delivery among women (age 15–49) from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health survey (n = 7174)

From: Determinants of institutional delivery service utilization in Ethiopia: a population based cross sectional study

Variables

Institutional delivery care

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Odds Ratio(95%CI)

Odds Ratio(95%CI)

Odds Ratio(95%CI)

Use of ANC

 Less than 4 (Ref)

   

 4 or more

 

3.12(2.73,3.56)

3.12(2.73,3.56)

Age at birth

 15–24(Ref)

   

 25–34

 

0.91(0.76,1.08)

0.88(0.74,1.06)

 35–49

 

0.94(0.74,1.20)

0.91(0.72,1.16)

Place of residence

 Rural (Ref)

   

 Urban

 

6.65(5.46,8.08)

7.18(5.10,10.12)

Educational level

 Not educated (Ref)

   

 Primary

 

1.76(1.51,2.04)

1.77(1.49,2.10)

 Secondary

 

3.67(2.76,4.88)

3.79(2.72,5.30)

 Higher

 

5.61(3.33,9.43)

5.86(3.25,10.58)

Sex of household head

 Female (Ref)

   

 Male

 

0.93(0.79,1.07)

0.92(0.78,1.08)

Parity

 First (Ref)

   

 2–4

 

0.59(0.49,0.72)

0.60(0.49,0.73)

 5+

 

0.50(0.39,0.64)

0.52(0.41, 0.67)

Birth type

 Single (Ref)

   

 Multiple

 

2.02(1.30,3.15)

2.06(1.32,3.21)

Child size

 Large (Ref)

   

 Average

 

0.80(0.69,0.93)

0.80(0.68,0.92)

 Small

 

0.70(0.60,0.83)

0.71(0.60,0.83)

Wealth index

 Poor (Ref)

   

 Middle

 

1.65(1.39,1.97)

1.66(1.36,2.03)

 Rich

 

2.22(1.90,2.60)

2.39(1.86, 3.06)

Religion

 Orthodox (Ref)

   

 Catholic

 

0.45(0.20,0.99)

0.44(0.20,0.94)

 Protestant

 

0.62(0.49,0.79)

0.64(0.50,0.0.82)

 Muslim

 

1.07(0.88,1.33)

1.14(0.92,1.41)

 Others

 

0.64(0.35,1.18)

0.62(0.34,1.15)

Desire of pregnancy

 Yes (Ref)

   

 No

 

1.07(0.83,1.38)

1.07(0.83,1.38)

Employment status

 Employed (Ref)

   

 Unemployed

 

1.05(0.92,1.20)

1.03(0.90,1.18)

 Distance to healthfa

   

 Big Problem (Ref)

   

 Not big problem

 

1.14(1.01, 1.29)

1.13(1.06, 1.22)

Intercept

0.81(0.38,1.76)

0.34(0.22,0.54)

0.31(0.19,0.50)

 Estimation of Random effect

 Between-region variance,

1.68(0.72,3.97)

0.33(0.13,0.78)

0.39(0.15,0.99)

 Variance of residence

  

0.19(0.04,0.82)

 Variance of wealth index

  

0.02(0.01,0.15)

 Variance of education

  

0.02(0.01,0.11)

 ICC

0.338

0.092

0.11

 Deviance-based chi-square

1373.60(0.001)

228.48 (0.001)

247.01 (0.0001)

\( {\hat{\sigma}}_e^2 \)

3.29