Table 1 Utilisation of dental services, predisposing, enabling and need characteristics of the study population, Brazil, 2013
Variables | Brazil (n = 60,202) | Rural (n = 10,957) | Urban (n = 49,245) |
|---|---|---|---|
Utilisation of dental services (%, 95CI) | |||
 Never been to the dentist | 3.3 (3.1–3.6) | 8.6 (7.7–9.7) | 2.5 (2.2–2.8) |
  ≥ 3 years since last dental visit | 24.1 (23.4–24.7) | 34.5 (32.7–36.3) | 22.4 (21.7–23.1) |
 2 to < 3 years since last dental visit | 8.9 (8.5–9.3) | 9.4 (8.5–10.3) | 8.8 (8.4–9.3) |
 1 to < 2 years since last dental visit | 19.3 (18.7–19.8) | 16.3 (15.2–17.5) | 19.7 (19.1–20.4) |
  < 1 year since last dental visit | 44.4 (43.6–45.2) | 31.1 (29.5–32.9) | 46.6 (45.7–47.4) |
Predisposing variables | |||
 Age (mean, 95%CI) | 42.9 (42.9–43.0) | 43.4 (42.9–44.0) | 42.8 (42.7–43.0) |
Sex (%, 95CI) | |||
 Male | 47.1 (46.4–47.8) | 51.3 (49.7–52.8) | 46.4 (46.2–46.7) |
 Female | 52.9 (52.2–53.6) | 48.7 (47.2–50.3) | 53.6 (53.3–53.8) |
 Education - years of study (mean, 95%CI) | 8.2 (8.1–8.3) | 5.1 (5.0–5.3) | 8.7 (8.6–8.8) |
Lives with spouse or partner (%, 95CI) | |||
 Yes | 61.2 (60.5–61.9) | 70.1 (68.6–71.6) | 59.8 (59.0–60.5) |
 Number of close relatives (mean, 95%CI) | 3.0 (2.9–3.0) | 3.3 (3.1–3.5) | 2.9 (2.9–3.0) |
 Number of close friends (mean, 95%CI) | 2.2 (2.1–2.2) | 2.4 (2.2–2.6) | 2.1 (2.1–2.2) |
Participation in sports or artistic group activities (%, 95CI) | |||
 More than once a week | 10.6 (10.1–11.1) | 5.7 (4.9–6.6) | 11.4 (10.8–11.9) |
 Once a week | 6.2 (5.9–6.6) | 5.2 (4.5–5.9) | 6.4 (6.0–6.8) |
 2–3 times a month | 3.0 (2.7–3.2) | 2.2 (1.8–2.7) | 3.1 (2.8–3.4) |
 Sometimes in the year | 4.9 (4.6–5.3) | 4.1 (3.5–4.8) | 5.1 (4.7–5.4) |
 Once a year | 1.4 (1.3–1.6) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 1.4 (1.3–1.6) |
 Not once in the year | 73.8 (73.0–74.6) | 81.3 (79.8–82.7) | 72.6 (71.7–73.5) |
Participation in community meetings and associations (%, 95CI) | |||
 More than once a week | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) |
 Once a week | 1.6 (1.4–1.8) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 1.6 (1.5–1.8) |
 2 to 3 times a month | 2.3 (2.1–2.5) | 3.3 (2.7–4.0) | 2.2 (2.0–2.4) |
 Sometimes in the year | 8.4 (8.0–8.8) | 14.5 (13.1–16.0) | 7.4 (7.0–7.9) |
 Once a year | 2.7 (2.4–2.9) | 3.9 (3.2–4.6) | 2.5 (2.3–2.7) |
 Not once in the year | 83.9 (83.3–84.5) | 76.4 (74.7–78.1) | 85.1 (84.4–85.7) |
Participation in voluntary services (unpaid) (%, 95CI) | |||
 More than once a week | 1.5 (1.3–1.6) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 1.6 (1.4–1.8) |
 Once a week | 1.9 (1.7–2.1) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 2.0 (1.8–2.3) |
 2–3 times a month | 1.4 (1.3–1.6) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) |
 Sometimes in the year | 5.3 (4.9–5.6) | 5.5 (4.7–6.5) | 5.2 (4.8–5.6) |
 Once a year | 2.1 (1.8–2.3) | 2.4 (1.9–2.9) | 2.0 (1.8–2.2) |
 Not once in the year | 87.9 (87.3–88.4) | 89.3 (88.1–90.4) | 87.6 (87.0–88.2) |
Participation in religious meetings (%, 95CI) | |||
 More than once a week | 15.3 (14.8–15.9) | 9.3 (8.4–10.2) | 16.3 (15.7–17.0) |
 Once a week | 21.4 (20.8–22.0) | 17.2 (15.9–18.7) | 22.1 (21.4–22.8) |
 2–3 times a month | 11.1 (10.7–11.5) | 13.7 (12.7–14.8) | 10.6 (10.2–11.1) |
 Sometimes in the year | 18.7 (18.1–19.3) | 29.5 (27.7–31.3) | 17.0 (16.3–17.6) |
 Once a year | 3.6 (3.3–3.8) | 5.9 (5.2–6.6) | 3.2 (2.9–3.5) |
 Not once in the year | 30.0 (29.2–30.7) | 24.5 (23.1–25.8) | 30.8 (30.0–31.7) |
Enabling variables | |||
 Personal income (BRL, mean, 95%CI) | 1686.6 (1618.7–1754.4) | 827.0 (795.7–858.3) | 1819.1 (1740.8–1897.4) |
 Number of residents in the household (mean, 95%CI) | 3.5 (3.5–3.6) | 3.8 (3.7–3.8) | 3.5 (3.5–3.5) |
 Number of rooms in the household (mean, 95%CI) | 6.2 (6.1–6.2) | 5.8 (5.7–5.9) | 6.3 (6.2–6.3) |
 Durable goods and items (mean, 95%CI) | 14.4 (14.2–14.6) | 8.6 (8.4–8.8) | 15.3 (15.1–15.6) |
Health insurance (%, 95CI) | |||
 Yes | 30.3 (29.4–31.2) | 6.9 (5.9–8.0) | 34.0 (33.0–35.0) |
Duration of health insurance (%, 95CI) | |||
 None | 69.7 (68.8–70.6) | 93.1 (92.0–94.1) | 66.0 (64.0–67.0) |
 Up to 6 months | 2.2 (2.0–2.4) | 0.5 (3.5–7.6) | 2.5 (2.2–2.7) |
 More than 6 months to 1 year | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 2.0 (1.8–2.2) |
 More than 1 year to 2 year2 | 3.0 (2.7–3.3) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 3.3 (3.0–3.6) |
 More than 2 years | 23.3 (22.5–24.1) | 5.1 (4.2–6.2) | 26.2 (25.3–27.1) |
Registration in the primary care (%, 95CI) | |||
 Yes | 54.6 (53.4–55.8) | 72.1 (69.5–74.5) | 51.8 (50.4–53.2) |
 No | 34.6 (33.5–35.7) | 17.0 (15.4–18.7) | 37.4 (36.1–38.7) |
 Did not know | 10.8 (10.2–11.4) | 10.9 (9.2–12.9) | 10.8 (10.1–11.4) |
Need-related variables | |||
Self-rated oral health (%, 95CI) | |||
 Very good | 9.9 (9.3–10.4) | 4.2 (3.5–5.0) | 10.8 (10.2–11.4) |
 Good | 57.6 (56.8–58.3) | 52.4 (50.9–53.8) | 58.4 (57.6–59.2) |
 Regular | 26.7 (26.0–27.3) | 34.5 (32.9–36.1) | 25.4 (24.7–26.2) |
 Poor | 4.9 (4.6–5.2) | 7.6 (6.8–8.4) | 4.5 (4.2–4.9) |
 Very poor | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) |
Eating difficulties due to oral problems (%, 95CI) | |||
 None | 89.6 (89.1–90.0) | 83.7 (82.4–84.5) | 90.5 (90.0–90.9) |
 Slight | 5.3 (5.0–5.6) | 8.0 (7.2–8.9) | 4.8 (4.5–5.2) |
 Regular | 3.6 (3.4–3.9) | 5.9 (5.2–6.8) | 3.2 (3.0–3.5) |
 Intense | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 2.0 (1.6–2.6) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) |
 Very intense | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) |
 Self-reported tooth loss (mean, 95%CI) | 8.0 (7.9–8.1) | 10.8 (10.4–11.2) | 7.6 (7.4–7.7) |