Table 1 Components of the study definition for emergency-equipped hospital
From: Accessibility of basic paediatric emergency care in Malawi: analysis of a national facility census
ETAT+ hospital audit components (14) | Emergency-equipped study definition |
|---|---|
STAFF | Healthcare worker present or officially on-call 24 h per day |
TRANSPORT | Functional ambulance or other emergency transport for clients |
EQUIPMENT | |
Weighing scale for infants | Infant weighing scale (100 g graduation) |
Weighing scale for children | Child weighing scale (250 g graduation) |
Oxygen source without sharing individual meters | Oxygen concentrator or filled oxygen cylinder |
Complete suction equipment | Suction with catheter or bulb for newborns |
Resuscitation equipment – BVM for all ages, NGT, needles and syringes | Self-inflating bag/mask for adult, child or neonate (see “Consumables” for other related equipment) |
Nebulizer or spacer and mask for asthma treatment | Micro nebulizer or spacer for inhalers |
Phototherapy equipment | Not audited |
Infant warming devices | Not audited |
LABORATORY SERVICES | |
Blood slide microscopy or malaria RDT available | Malaria RDT or microscopy (giemsa stain, field stain or acridine orange) |
Haemoglobin / haematocrit measurement | Haematology analyser or HemoCue equipment including microcuvettes or colorimeter/hemoglobinometer including Drabkins solution or litmus paper method for haemoglobin test services |
Blood glucose measurement | Glucometer with test strips or blood chemistry analyser |
Cross match and blood bank | Blood typing: anti-A, B, D and Coombs reagent |
CSF microscopy and gram stain | Not audited |
Radiology CXR | Digital x-ray with no film required, x-ray machine with unexpired film, or CT scan |
MEDICATIONS | |
1. RESUSCITATION / EMERGENCY MEDICINES | |
Adrenaline 1 in 1000 | Injectable epinephrine / adrenaline |
Diazepam | Injectable diazepam |
Glucose (10% or 50% for preparing 10%) | Injectable glucose solution (10% or 50%) |
Hydrocortisone injection | Injectable hydrocortisone |
Salbutamol inhaled | Inhalation salbutamol |
IV salbutamol | Not audited |
2. ANTIBIOTICS | Injectable antibiotics, any type |
3. ANTIMALARIALS | Injectable antimalarials, any type |
FLUIDS | |
Intravenous fluids | Normal saline/sodium chloride injectable solution or dextrose 5%-normal saline or half-strength Darrow’s solution or Ringers lactate or IV solution (plasma expanders) with infusion set |
FEEDS | |
Feeds (e.g. F75, F100, formula feeds) | Not audited |
CONSUMABLES | |
Syringes 1, 2, 5, 10 & 20 mls | Single use standard disposable syringes with needles or auto-destruct syringes with needles |
Blood transfusion sets | Blood transfusion services provided in past 3 months (yes/no) |
Cannula / scale vein sets 18, 20, 22 & 24G | Cannula for administering IV fluids (21-24G) |
Needles 18, 20, 22 & 24G | Listed above for “Syringes” |
Suction catheters 8, 10 & 12G | Listed above for “Complete suction equipment” |
Nasogastric tubes 6, 8, 10 & 12 | Nasogastric tubes (10-16G) |
Topical antiseptic for burns | Not audited |
Sterile dressings | Not audited |