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Table 2 Pooled prevalence of T. gondii infection in humans in Nigeria based of sub-groups

From: Human Toxoplasma gondii infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data published between 1960 and 2019

Variables

No. of

Studies

Pooled Estimates

(95% CI)

Heterogeneity

Meta-regression

Sample size

Cases

Prev. (%)

Q-value

I2 (%)

Q-p

P- value

OR (95% CI)

Region

 South-west

19

5133

1880

31.70

23.86, 40.74

618.15

97.09

< 0.001

0.756

−0.10 (−0.80, 0.61)

 South-south

8

5412

2148

41.00

25.61, 58.37

825.41

99.15

< 0.001

 

−0.15 (−1.10, 0.81)

 North-west

10

2389

766

32.52

25.03, 41.03

116.68

92.29

< 0.001

 

0.10 (−0.59, 0.80)

 North-east

4

820

281

28.58

16.28, 45.17

58.84

94.90

< 0.001

 

0.41 (−0.32, 1.14)

 North-central

9

2476

759

29.58

18.54, 43.66

313.91

97.45

< 0.001

 

Reference

MOD

          

 RSAT

3

407

73

14.41

5.32, 33.54

23.60

91.53

< 0.001

< 0.001

−2.87 (−4.23, −1.51)

 Others

11

4386

1169

34.79

21.32, 51.24

731.36

98.63

< 0.001

 

−1.76 (− 2.81, −0.71)

 HAT

4

1129

386

23.71

12.85, 39.58

35.54

91.56

< 0.001

 

−2.34 (− 3.62, −1.07)

 ELISA

28

8283

2941

31.62

26.39, 37.37

740.87

96.36

< 0.001

 

−1.90 (−2.88, −0.92)

 Dye Test

4

2025

1265

74.29

57.49, 86.06

46.33

93.53

< 0.001

 

Reference

Study period

 2006–2019

37

11,708

3586

28.75

23.44, 34.71

1420.79

97.47

< 0.001

0.003

−2.76 (−4.48, −1.05)

 1991–2005

5

1543

722

44.60

27.46, 63.13

172.73

97.68

< 0.001

 

−2.07 (−3.92, −0.23)

 1976–1990

6

2956

1506

41.93

27.81, 57.51

218.12

97.71

< 0.001

 

−2.19 (−4.01, −0.36)

 1960–1975

2

23

20

86.82

66.13, 95.69

0.09

0.00

0.760

 

Reference

Sample size

  > 450

7

6690

2524

36.64

24.15, 51.23

721.84

99.17

< 0.001

0.913

0.19 (−0.65, 1.03)

 301–450

13

4704

1663

30.22

19.87, 43.07

790.96

98.48

< 0.001

 

−0.09 (− 0.81, 0.63)

 151–300

18

3976

1398

33.68

27.00, 41.08

354.78

95.21

< 0.001

 

0.06 (−0.62, 0.73)

  ≤ 150

12

860

249

32.59

18.93, 50.04

160.68

93.15

< 0.001

 

Reference

Overall

50

16,230

5834

32.92

27.89, 38.37

2071.70

97.64

< 0.001

  
  1. CI Confidence interval; ELISA Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; HAT Haemagglutination test, LAT Latex agglutination test; PCR Polymerase chain reaction; RSAT Rapid slide agglutination test; I2 Inverse variance index; MOD Method of diagnosis; OR Odds Ratio; Prev. Prevalence; Q-p Cochran’s p-value