Human Toxoplasma gondii infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data published between 1960 and 2019

Karshima, Solomon Ngutor; Karshima, Magdalene Nguvan

doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09015-7

Table 1 List and characteristics of eligible studies

From: Human Toxoplasma gondii infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data published between 1960 and 2019

Study year	Study location	Region	Method of Diagnosis	Diagnostic target	Characteristics of study population	Sample size	Cases	Prev. (%)	95% CI	QAS	Study Ref
2015	Osun	South-west	ELISA	IgG and IgM	Pregnant women	391	186	47.57	42.53–52.65	6	[44]
1999–04	Kwara	North-central	ELISA	Not stated	HIV-positive individuals	60	25	41.67	29.07–55.12	7	[45]
1989	Kaduna	North-west	HAT	Not stated	Pregnant women	834	329	39.45	36.11–42.86	8	[46]
2009	Lagos	South-west	–	IgG	HIV-positive individuals	460	230	50.00	45.34–54.66	7	[47]
2009	Lagos	South-west	ELISA	IgG	Pregnant women	179	73	40.78	33.51–48.36	7	[48]
2011	Sokoto	North-west	RSAT	IgG	HIV-positive individuals	84	22	26.19	17.20–36.93	6	[49]
2011	Sokoto	North-west	LAT	IgG	Abattoir workers	75	38	50.67	38.86–62.42	6	[50]
2012	Sokoto	North-west	RSAT	IgG	Pregnant women	173	48	27.75	21.22–35.05	6	[51]
2018	Oyo	South-west	ELISA	IgG and IgM	Blood donors	248	106	42.74	36.50–49.16	7	[52]
2011	Benue	North-central	ELISA	IgG	HIV-positive individuals	360	39	10.83	7.82–14.51	7	[53]
1985	Delta	South-south	Dye Test	Not stated	Pregnant women and blood donors	1650	972	58.91	56.49–61.30	7	[54]
2013	Oyo	South-west	PCR	DNA	Pregnant women	179	49	27.37	20.99–34.53	6	[55]
2008	Kaduna	North-west	ELISA	IgG and IgM	Pregnant women	374	112	29.95	25.35–34.87	8	[56]
2010	Lagos	South-west	ELISA	IgG and IgM	Pregnant women	276	111	40.22	34.38–46.26	6	[57]
2016/17	Akwa Ibom	South-south	ELISA	IgG	Abattoir workers	339	189	55.75	50.29–61.12	7	[58]
1993	Oyo	South-west	–	IgG	Lymphoid neoplasia patients	162	44	27.16	20.48–34.70	6	[59]
2018	Ogun	South-west	RSAT	IgG and IgM	Young adults with history of ocular infections	150	3	2.00	0.41–5.73	8	[60]
2011	Borno	North-east	ELISA	IgG	HIV positive individuals	190	42	22.11	16.42–28.68	7	[61]
2013/14	Lagos	South-west	LAT	Not stated	Primary school children	382	91	23.83	19.64–28.42	7	[62]
2016	Kano	North-west	ELISA	IgM	Obstetric patients	320	24	7.50	4.86–10.95	6	[63]
1960	Kano	North-west	Dye Test	Not stated	Chorioretinitis patients	17	15	88.24	63.56–98.54	7	[64]
2011/12	Edo	South-south	ELISA	IgG and IgM	Psychotic individuals	280	90	32.14	26.71–37.96	7	[65]
2008	Borno	North-east	ELISA	IgG	Normal individuals	180	43	23.89	17.9–30.8	7	[66]
2011	Abuja	North-central	ELISA	IgG and IgM	HIV-positive individuals	341	30	8.80	6.0–12.3	6	[67]
2014	Borno	North-east	ELISA	IgG and IgM	Pregnant women	360	176	48.89	43.6–54.2	8	[68]
2013	Rivers	South-south	ELISA	IgG and IgM	Pregnant women	288	189	65.63	59.8–71.1	8	[69]
2018	Edo	South-south	ICT	IgG and IgM	HIV-positive and healthy individuals	1500	113	7.53	6.3–9.0	6	[70]
2008	Kaduna	North-west	ELISA	IgG and IgM	HIV-positive and healthy individuals	219	78	35.62	29.3–42.4	8	[71]
1980	Kano	North-west	HAT	Not stated	Pregnant women and male patients	20	7	35.00	15.4–59.2	7	[72]
Study year	Study location	Region	Method of Diagnosis	Diagnostic targets	Characteristics of study population	Sample size	Cases	Prev. (%)	95% CI	QAS	Study Ref
2009–12	Lagos	South-west	ELISA	IgG	HIV-positive individuals	242	100	41.32	35.05–47.81	8	[73]
2014	Lagos	South-west	ELISA	IgG and IgM	HIV positive and normal individuals	840	286	34.05	30.84–37.36	7	[74]
1995	Benue	North-central	–	IgG	Pregnant women	606	265	43.73	39.74–47.78	8	[75]
1991	Oyo	South-west	Dye Test	IgG	Pregnant women	352	273	77.66	72.83–81.81	8	[76]
2008	Lagos	South-west	–	Not stated	HIV-positive individuals	400	14	3.50	1.93–5.80	6	[77]
2016	Rivers	South-south	ELISA	IgG	Healthy individuals	800	329	41.13	37.69–44.62	7	[78]
2009	Lagos	South-west	–	IgG	HIV-positive individuals	83	71	85.54	76.11–92.30	7	[79]
1984	Plateau	North-central	HAT	Not stated	Pregnant women and other hospital patients	210	48	22.86	17.36–29.14	6	[80]
2010	Lagos	South-west	ELISA	IgG	HIV-positive individuals	380	206	54.21	49.05–59.30	7	[81]
2013	Borno	North-east	ELISA	IgG	Pregnant women	90	20	22.22	14.13–32.21	6	[82]
2015	Lagos	South-west	HAT	IgG and IgM	HIV-positive and normal individuals	65	2	3.08	0.37–10.68	6	[83]
1986	Niger	North-central	–	Not stated	Hospital patients	176	139	78.98	72.21–84.75	6	[84]
2016	Osun	South-west	ELISA	IgG and IgM	Pre-school aged children	272	19	6.99	4.26–10.69	7	[85]
1980	Oyo	South-west	ELISA	Not stated	Children	66	11	16.67	8.63–27.87	6	[86]
2004	Plateau	North-central	–	IgG	HIV-positive individuals	363	115	31.68	26.92–36.74	7	[87]
2006	Plateau	North-central	ELISA	IgG	Normal individuals	144	30	20.83	14.52–28.39	6	[88]
2011	Abuja	North-central	ELISA	IgG	Pregnant, HIV-positive and normal individuals	216	68	31.48	25.35–38.13	8	[89]
1969	Oyo	South-west	Dye Test	Not stated	Normal individuals	6	5	83.33	35.88–99.58	6	[90]
2016	Rivers	South-south	ELISA	IgG and IgM	Pregnant women	213	58	27.23	21.37–33.73	7	[91]
2014	Kano	North-west	ELISA	IgG and IgM	HIV-positive pregnant women	273	93	34.07	28.46–40.02	8	[92]
2015	Edo	South-south	ELISA	IgG and IgM	HIV-positive individuals	342	208	60.82	55.42–66.03	8	[93]

CI Confidence interval; ELISA Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; HAT Haemagglutination test, ICT Immunochromatographic test; IgG Immunoblobulin G; IgM Immunoglobulin M; LAT Latex agglutination test; PCR Polymerase chain reaction; QAS Quality assessment score; RSAT Rapid slide agglutination test; Prev. Prevalence

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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