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Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the manganese-exposed workers from MEHWC

From: High manganese exposure decreased the risk of high triglycerides in workers: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Total (n = 803)

Low exposure group (n = 283)

High exposure group (n = 520)

p –Value*

Age (years)

44.25 (39.50,48.42)

41.75 (36.58,46.92)

45.42 (41.27,49.08)

<  0.01

Seniority (years)

   

0.07

 < 18.92

402 (50.1)

154 (54.4)

248 (47.7)

 

 ≥18.92

401 (49.9)

129 (45.6)

272 (52.3)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

   

<  0.01

 < 24

317 (39.5)

131 (46.3)

186 (35.8)

 

 ≥24

486 (60.5)

152 (53.7)

334 (64.2)

 

Gender

   

<  0.01

 Male

540 (67.2)

163 (57.6)

377 (72.5)

 

 Female

263 (32.8)

120 (42.4)

143 (27.5)

 

Race

   

0.65

 Han

361 (45.0)

128 (45.2)

233 (44.8)

 

 Zhuang

409 (50.9)

141 (49.8)

268 (51.5)

 

 Other race

33 (4.1)

14 (4.9)

19 (3.7)

 

Education level

   

<  0.01

 Middle school or below

257 (32.0)

39 (13.8)

218 (41.9)

 

 High school

367 (45.7)

103 (36.4)

264 (50.8)

 

 Junior college or above

179 (22.3)

141 (49.8)

38 (7.3)

 

Smoking status

   

<  0.01

 Nonsmoker

476 (59.3)

208 (73.5)

268 (51.5)

 

 Former smokers

161 (20.0)

45 (15.9)

116 (22.3)

 

 Current smokers

166 (20.7)

30 (10.6)

136 (26.2)

 

Pack-yearsa

   

<  0.01

 Nonsmoker

431 (53.7)

193 (68.2)

238 (45.8)

 

 < 18 years (low)

178 (22.2)

49 (17.3)

129 (24.8)

 

 ≥18 years (high)

194 (24.1)

41 (14.5)

153 (29.4)

 

Drinking status

   

<  0.01

 Former/never drinker

568 (70.7)

218 (77.0)

350 (67.3)

 

 Current drinker

235 (29.3)

65 (23.0)

170 (32.7)

 

Hypertension

   

0.23

 Yes

251 (31.3)

81 (28.6)

170 (32.7)

 

 No

552 (68.7)

202 (71.4)

350 (67.3)

 

WHR

   

0.69

 High

294 (36.6)

193 (37.1)

101 (35.7)

 

 Normal

509 (63.4)

327 (62.9)

182 (64.3)

 

Medicine intake in the past two weeks

   

0.85

 Yes

283 (35.2)

69 (34.7)

214 (35.4)

 

 No

520 (64.8)

130 (65.3)

390 (64.6)

 

Drinking tea

   

0.99

 Yes

488 (60.8)

316 (60.8)

172 (60.8)

 

 No

315 (39.2)

204 (39.2)

111 (39.2)

 

High-fat diet frequency

   

<  0.01

 < 3times/week

640 (79.7)

242 (85.5)

398 (76.5)

 

 ≥3times/week

163 (20.3)

41 (14.5)

122 (23.5)

 

Egg intake frequency

   

<  0.01

 < 3times/week

602 (75.0)

408 (78.5)

194 (68.6)

 

 ≥3times/week

201 (25.0)

112 (21.5)

89 (31.4)

 
  1. Mn-TWA Mn-Time Weighted Average, Low exposure group, Mn-TWA ≤0.15 mg/m3; High exposure group, Mn-TWA > 0.15 mg/m3; MEHWC, Manganese-exposed workers healthy cohort; WHR, Body Mass Index; Data were presented as median (25th, 75th) or n (%)
  2. *p –Value were derived from Mann-Whitney U tests for continuous variables according to the data distribution, and chi-square test for the categorical variables
  3. pack-years a: A pack-year was defined as 20 cigarettes smoked every day for 1 year. We further categorized participants’ smoking status into three groups on the basis of median pack-years: nonsmokers, < 18 pack-years, and ≥ 18 pack-years
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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