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Table 2 Adjusted Prevalence* of Hypertension (95%CI)

From: Regional economic development, household income, gender and hypertension: evidence from half a million Chinese

 

Level of economic development (measured by regional GDP per capita)

Male

Female

Low

Medium

High

Low

Medium

High

Demographic characteristics

 Mean age, year

   < 55

22.60 (21.96, 23.24)

20.18 (19.42, 20.95)

32.17 (31.30, 33.04)

19.85 (19.43, 20.28)

10.74 (10.15, 11.33)

24.69 (23.68, 25.69)

   ≥ 55

45.01 (44.35, 45.68)

38.56 (37.6, 39.53)

49.96 (49.12, 50.79)

48.88 (48.16, 49.60)

36.26 (35.45, 37.08)

50.78 (50.04, 51.52)

Socioeconomic characteristics

 Highest education

  Uneducated and primary school

35.63 (35.14, 36.11)

31.36 (30.05, 32.67)

44.54 (43.72, 45.37)

37.17 (36.71, 37.62)

24.67 (23.92, 25.41)

42.67 (41.82, 43.53)

  Middle and high school

29.14 (28.44, 29.85)

26.46 (26.00, 26.91)

36.10 (35.31, 36.89)

23.18 (22.47, 23.88)

15.16 (14.76, 15.56)

22.82 (21.84, 23.79)

  College and university

28.91 (26.75, 31.06)

28.39 (27.67, 29.12)

32.26 (30.65, 33.88)

14.09 (12.11, 16.08)

12.83 (12.28, 13.39)

14.74 (13.10, 16.37)

 Occupation

  Agriculture and related

29.53 (29.20, 29.86)

20.51 (19.10, 21.91)

43.22 (42.04, 44.40)

27.43 (27.07, 27.78)

11.25 (10.19, 12.32)

38.50 (36.92, 40.09)

  Factory workers

23.76 (21.97, 25.54)

24.68 (23.74, 25.62)

32.53 (31.97, 33.09)

17.59 (15.84, 19.33)

10.65 (9.53, 11.77)

20.01 (19.49, 20.54)

  Clerk

26.99 (26.06, 27.92)

25.08 (24.35, 25.81)

32.13 (31.36, 32.89)

18.53 (17.37, 19.68)

12.02 (11.13, 12.90)

18.80 (18.08, 19.51)

  Unemployed

48.10 (46.88, 49.32)

40.99 (40.35, 41.64)

46.29 (45.26, 47.32)

43.19 (42.41, 43.96)

31.94 (31.48, 32.41)

39.57 (38.96, 40.19)

Lifestyle factors

 Physical activity (MET, h/d),%

   < 11.0

42.74 (41.91, 43.57)

37.54 (36.78, 38.30)

47.12 (45.97, 48.27)

42.51 (41.77, 43.26)

30.61 (29.98, 31.23)

42.76 (41.91, 43.62)

  11.0-

31.60 (30.78, 32.42)

27.87 (26.65, 29.10)

37.16 (36.19, 38.14)

33.74 (32.99, 34.49)

23.14 (22.37, 23.91)

35.64 (34.58, 36.70)

  Men 19.0-,Women 17.0

26.92 (25.96, 27.87)

21.32 (20.65, 21.99)

37.23 (36.16, 38.30)

23.25 (22.61, 23.90)

13.87 (12.89, 14.86)

29.58 (27.95, 31.21)

  Men 32.5-,Women 28.5-

23.55 (22.69, 24.41)

20.46 (19.18, 21.73)

35.87 (34.76, 36.97)

22.41 (21.49, 23.34)

9.19 (8.07, 10.31)

27.5 (26.12, 28.89)

 BMI (kg/m2), %

   < 18.5

22.50 (21.47, 23.54)

17.93 (16.31, 19.55)

33.32 (31.14, 35.51)

21.56 (20.50, 22.63)

13.40 (12.08, 14.72)

27.64 (25.86, 29.41)

  18.5-

26.45 (25.95, 26.95)

20.91 (20.12, 21.70)

34.09 (33.25, 34.93)

23.52 (23.07, 23.98)

13.96 (13.34, 14.58)

27.60 (26.61, 28.60)

  24.0-

38.49 (37.54, 39.44)

35.68 (35.00, 36.35)

45.74 (44.99, 46.50)

37.24 (36.46, 38.03)

24.51 (23.75, 25.27)

38.93 (38.00, 39.86)

   > 28.0

50.73 (49.17, 52.28)

52.28 (49.84, 49.84)

55.01 (55.01, 55.01)

50.05 (48.71, 51.40)

39.89 (38.79, 41.00)

52.70 (51.53, 53.86)

 Smoking

  Never

34.8 (33.67, 35.93)

30.98 (30.98, 31.73)

42.41 (41.25, 43.57)

30.94 (30.54, 31.34)

19.88 (19.44, 20.32)

33.89 (33.26, 34.53)

  Occasional

36.89 (36.05, 37.74)

33.02 (32.30, 33.75)

44.35 (43.39, 45.31)

32.56 (31.17, 31.17)

27.34 (25.94, 28.73)

40.13 (37.73, 42.54)

  Regular

29.46 (28.90, 30.02)

25.73 (24.98, 26.48)

37.27 (36.54, 38.01)

32.94 (31.36, 34.51)

27.69 (26.08, 29.30)

45.21 (42.14, 48.28)

 Alcohol

  Never

34.05 (32.68, 35.42)

30.42 (29.49, 31.35)

42.72 (41.41, 44.03)

30.76 (30.35, 31.18)

19.33 (18.79, 19.87)

34.19 (33.43, 34.94)

  Occasional

36.73 (35.75, 35.75)

31.54 (30.15, 32.92)

43.57 (42.51, 44.64)

30.90 (29.46, 32.34)

26.39 (24.96, 27.83)

39.34 (34.95, 43.74)

  Regular

29.39 (28.74, 30.03)

25.20 (24.02, 26.38)

37.49 (36.65, 38.32)

31.60 (29.87, 33.34)

27.54 (25.89, 29.19)

42.84 (38.00, 47.68)

Sleep duration/day,%

   ≤ 6 h

32.32 (31.62, 33.03)

32.89 (32.20, 33.59)

41.42 (40.44, 42.40)

35.10 (34.36, 35.84)

25.61 (24.95, 26.28)

38.98 (38.14, 39.82)

   > 6 h, ≤9 h

31.27 (30.77, 31.76)

27.60 (27.06, 28.13)

38.53 (37.96, 39.11)

29.77 (29.32, 30.21)

18.70 (18.18, 19.21)

32.53 (31.84, 33.22)

   > 9 h

35.10 (34.26, 35.94)

35.38 (33.78, 36.98)

44.49 (43.20, 45.78)

30.17 (29.31, 31.04)

23.93 (22.00, 25.86)

39.75 (38.35, 41.15)

Depression

31.76 (30.29, 33.22)

30.77 (29.25, 32.29)

35.66 (34.31, 37.01)

30.98 (29.14, 32.83)

18.08 (15.74, 20.43)

30.76 (28.13, 33.39)

Anxiety

25.79 (24.05, 27.53)

17.65 (17.65, 17.65)

29.41 (29.41, 29.41)

25.50 (23.32, 27.67)

20.91 (17.70, 24.12)

24.34 (21.78, 26.91)

  1. * Adjusted for the other covariates except the examined variable. The total covariates included age the time of study, occupation, education, MET, BMI, alcohol, smoke, sleeping time, anxiety, depression, household income and household size