Conditional cash transfers, uptake of maternal and child health services, and health outcomes in western rural China

Table 5 Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis for the effects of CCT treatment in CCT villages

Dependent variable	FE-CCT Versus IE-CCT^b			PE-CCT Versus IE-CCT
	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
*Uptake of MCH services*
(1) Any antenatal examination (%)	0.14	−0.26, 0.55	0.48	−0.1	− 0.75, 0.55	0.77
(2) Hospital delivery (%)	0.10	−0.44, 0.63	0.72	0.26	−0.34, 0.87	0.40
(3) Postpartum visits (%)	0.28	−1.15, 1.71	0.70	0.27	−0.45, 1.00	0.46
(4) Early breastfeeding (%)	−1.07	−2.77, 0.63	0.23	−0.51	−1.56, 0.54	0.34
(5) Exclusive breastfeeding (%)	−0.06	−1.44, 1.32	0.93	−0.29	−1.04, 0.45	0.44
(6) Compliance rate of physical examination, (%)^a	0.10	0.02, 0.19	0.02*	−0.05	− 0.03, 0.14	0.22
(7) Compliance rate of child vaccinations, (%)^a	0.01	−0.08, 0.11	0.76	−0.05	− 0.12, 0.03	0.20
*Mother’s knowledge*
(8) Total knowledge scores (full = 22)	0.33	−1.51, 2.17	0.71	−0.29	−1.66, 1.09	0.67
(9) Got at least 60% correct (%)	0.66	−0.37, 1.70	0.21	0.06	−0.59, 0.72	0.85
(10) Score on maternal care (full = 8)	0.51	− 0.49, 1.52	0.30	0.28	−0.31, 0.88	0.33
(11) Score on child nutrition (full = 6)	−0.14	− 0.76, 0.49	0.65	− 0.17	− 0.53, 0.19	0.33
(12) Thinking child physical examination necessary (%)	1.97	−0.12, 4.06	0.06	1.40	0.02, 2.79	0.04*
*Child health outcomes*
(13) Low birth weight (%)	1.03	−1.65, 3.71	0.45	0.68	−0.68, 2.04	0.33
(14) Anemia (%)	0.00	−1.13, 1.13	1.00	0.91	0.25, 1.56	0.01*
(15) Stunted growth (%)^b	0.23	−1.16, 1.62	0.74	−0.58	−1.67, 0.52	0.30
(16) Wasting (%)^c	−0.73	−1.46, 0.00	0.05	1.15	0.12, 2.17	0.03*

Notes: Linear and logistic regressions are used to analyze CCT’s impact on uptake of health services, mother’s knowledge, and child health outcomes. Covariates include child’s age, gender, low birth weight, premature birth, and birth order; mother’s ethnicity, education, and occupation; and number of children, whether the family received social security support, distance from household to township heath center, travel time from household to township health center, and household fixed assets. Standard errors are clustered at the town level
^a: Compliance rates of physical examinations and child vaccinations are calculated by the requirements of the national standards of basic public health services by child’s age
^b: Stunted growth: length-for-age Z-scores are less than − 2 standard deviations
^c: Wasting: weight-for-height Z-scores are less than − 2 standard deviations. *p < 0.05
Source: authors’ survey

ISSN: 1471-2458