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Table 2 Definitions and measures

From: Establishing the efficacy of interventions to improve health literacy and health behaviours: a systematic review

1st author, year

Definition

Measure

Subjective /Objective

Culture specific

Condition specific

[30] Calderon, 2014

American Medical Association, 1999 [53], Ratzan and Parker, 2000 [54], World HealthOrganisation, 1998 [55]

Diabetes Health Literacy Scale [30]

Subjective

 

√

[50] Fiedler, 2019

Sorensen, 2012 [6]

German Health Literacy Questionnaire [56]

Subjective

√

 

[32] Gharachourlo, 2018

Berkman, 2010 [57]

Iranian Health Literacy Questionnaire [58]

Subjective

√

 

[39] Han, 2017

Ratzan and Parker, 2000 [54]

Assessment of Health Literacy in Cancer Screening [59]

Objective

 

√

[44] Liu, 2018

Mark, 2009 [60]

Chinese Citizen Health Literacy Questionnaire [61]

Subjective

√

 

[42] Mas, 2017

None

STOFHLA [62]

Objective

  

[45, 46] Mas, 2018 (and 2015)

None

TOFHLA [63]

Objective

  

[38] Li, 2016

Baker, 2006 [64]

Malaria Health Literacy Questionnaire [38]

Unclear

 

√

[40] Otilingam, 2015

None

NVS [65]

Objective

  

[47] Panahi, 2018

None

Health Literacy for Iranian Adults [66]

Subjective

√

 

[43] Parekh, 2017

None

NVS [65]

Objective

  

[31] Tai, 2016

Unclear

STOFHLA [62]

Objective

  

[48] Tsai, 2018

Kimbrough, 2007 [67], Nutbeam, 2008 [2], Sorensen, 2012 [6]

Bespoke

Subjective

  

[49] Uemura, 2018

Sorensen, 2012 [6]

HLS-EU-Q16 [68] and HLS-14 [69]

Subjective

  

[41] Zhuang, 2016

American Medical Association [53]

Rapid Assessment of Health Literacy [41]

Objective

  

[35] Banbury, 2019

Australian Bureau of statistics, 2006 [70] Berkman et al., 2011 [11] Ratzan and Parker, 2000 [54]

Health Literacy Questionnaire [71]

Subjective

  

[36] Handa, 2020

None

HLS-14 [69]

Subjective

  

[37] Kim, 2020

Ratzan and Parker, 2000 [54]

REALM, DM-REALM, TOFHLA, NVS [37, 63, 65, 72]

Objective

 

√ (DM-REALM)

[33] Knudsen, 2019

Sorensen, 2012 [6]

Health Literacy Questionnaire [71]

Subjective

  

[51] McCaffery, 2019

Ratzan and Parker, 2000 [54]

Health Literacy Questionnaire [71]

Subjective

  

[34] Tavakoly Sany, 2019

Unclear

TOFHLA [63]

Objective

  

[52] Smith, 2019

Nutbeam, 2000 [2]

Health Literacy Questionnaire [71]

Subjective

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