Table 2 Risk of Bias Assessment of all the studies (N = 29)
Study | Type of Studies | Analyses | Confound | Data collection | Select Bias | Study Design | RoBa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adewuya, 2008 [31] | Self-report | Low | High | Low | Low | High | High |
Ahn 2015 [32] | Self-report | Low | High | Low | Low | High | High |
Anglin 2006 [18] | Vignette | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | High |
Aznar-Lou 2016 [33] | Self-report | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | Moderate |
Brown 2010 [19] | Self-report | High | Low | High | Low | Low | High |
Caplan 2011 [22] | Self-report | Low | High | High | High | High | High |
Cheng 2015 [15] | Vignette | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Moderate |
Conner 2010 [34] | Self-report | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Conner 2009 [18] | Self-report | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High |
Copelj 2011 [35] | Self-report | Low | High | High | High | Low | High |
Eisenberg 2009 [36] | Self-report | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | Moderate |
Fogel 2005 [16] | Self-report | Low | High | High | Low | Low | High |
Georg Hsu 2008 [17] | Vignette | Unclear | High | High | High | High | High |
Givens 2007 [21] | Self-report | High | High | Low | High | Low | High |
Hickie 2007 [37] | Self-report | Low | High | High | High | Low | High |
Jimenez 2012 [23] | Self-report | Low | Low | High | Unclear | Low | Moderate |
Makowski 2017 [11] | Self-report | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Moderate |
Menke 2009 [38] | Self-report | Low | High | Low | High | High | High |
Mokkarala 2016 [39] | Self-report | Low | High | High | Low | Low | High |
Nadeem 2007 [8] | Self-report | Low | Low | High | High | Low | High |
O’Mahen 2011 [40] | Self-report | Low | Low | Unclear | High | High | High |
Papadopoulos 2002 [41] | Self-report | Low | High | Unclear | High | High | High |
Picco 2016 [42] | Self-report | Low | Low | Low | High | High | High |
Rao 2007 [43] | Vignette | Unclear | Low | Low | High | Low | High |
Rüsh 2012 [44] | Self-report | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Schafer 2011 [45] | Self-report | High | High | Low | High | High | Low |
Shamblaw 2015 [46] | Self-report | Low | High | Low | High | High | High |
Subramaniam 2017 [23] | Vignette | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Wang 2013 [47] | Vignette | Low | High | High | High | High | High |