Table 1 Prior studies concerning prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum in Iran

1

Tehran

Badami

n = 375

cervical swab

Culture

Fertile women: MH = 18(7.2) & UU = 48(19.2)

Infertile women: MH = 32(25.6) & UU = 41(32.8)

Fertile women = 250

Infertile women = 125

[20]

2

Tehran

Salari

n = 125

swab urethral

PCR

MG = 9(7.2)

UU = 24(19.2)

MH = 3(2.4)

Men with NGU

[21]

3

Tehran

AleYasin

n = 312

cervical swab

Culture

PCR

Culture: MH = 20(6.4)

PCR:MH = 50(16)

Culture &PCR = 16(5)

Infertile women

[22]

4

Tehran

Najar Peerayeh

n = 312

cervical swab

Culture

PCR

Culture: UU = 18(5.7)

PCR: UU = 32(10.25)

Infertile women

[23]

5

Tehran

Najar Peerayeh

n = 377

cervical swab

PCR

MH = 31(8.2)

UU = 60(15.9)

MH & UU = 25(6.6)

Infertile women

[18]

6

Tehran

Golshani

n = 200

semen samples

Multiplex PCR

MH = 22(11)

UU = 6(3)

MH&UU = 2(1)

Infertile men

[24]

7

Tehran

Zeighami

n = 200

semen samples

PCR

Fertile men: UU = 3(3)

Infertile men: UU = 12(12)

Fertile men = 100

Infertile men = 100

[19]

8

Tehran

soleimani rahbar

n = 100

semen samples

PCR

MH = 3(3)

UU = 17(17)

Infertile men

[25]

9

Tehran

Najar Peerayeh

n = 377

cervical swab

PCR

UU = 85(22.5)

Infertile women

[26]

10

Tehran

NajarPeerayeh

n = 312

cervical swab

Culture

PCR

Culture: MH = 12(4) & UU = 39(12)

PCR: MH = 28(9) & UU = 54(17)

Infertile women

[27]

11

Tehran

Ghazisaidi

n = 75

urethral secretion samples after prostatic massage & First void urine

PCR

urethral secretion: MH = 11(15) & UU = 19(25)

First void urine: MH = 9 (12)& UU = 17(23)

Men suffering from nongonococcal urethritis and non-specific urethritis

[28]

12

Tehran

Najar Peerayeh

n = 246

semen samples

PCR

Fertile men: UU = 3(3)

Infertile men: UU = 23(15.7)

Fertile men = 100

Infertile men = 146

[29]

13

Tehran

Amirmozafari

n = 210

cervical swab

Culture

PCR

Culture: UU = 69(32.8)

PCR: UU = 67(31.9)

Women with urogenital infection

[30]

14

Tehran

Ahmadi

n = 220

semen sample

PCR

MH = 34 (15)

UU = 89(40)

MH&UU = 25(11)

Infertile men

[31]

15

Tehran

Mirnejad

n = 210

genital samples

PCR

UU = 89(42.4)

MG = 7(3.3)

Women with urogenital infection

[32]

16

Sabzevar

Haghighi Hasanabad

n = 196

urine

PCR

MG = 2(1)

Pregnant women

[33]

17

Ahwaz

Moosavian

n = 265

urine = 110

cervical swab = 155

Culture

Multiplex PCR

Culture: MH = 5 (1.8)& UU = 0

Multiplex PCR: MH = 11(4)&UU = 13(5)

Women with urogenital infection

[34]

18

Kerman

Vosooghi

n = 58

semen sample

PCR

MH = 13(22)

Infertile men

[35]

19

Tehran

irajian

n = 200

paraffin blocks

PCR

MG = 4(2)

Men with prostatitis

[36]

20

Ahvaz

Maleki

n = 265

urine = 110

cervical swab = 155

Multiplex PCR

Urine: MH = 11(10) & UU = 13(12)

cervical swab: MH = 7 (4)& UU = 15(10)

Women with urogenital infection

[37]

21

Tehran

Yeganeh

n = 200

urine

PCR

MG = 14(7)

Men refer to urology clinic

[38]

22

Tehran

Sadrpour

n = 120

semen samples

PCR

MG = 12(10)

Infertile men

[39]

23

Mazandaran

mohseni

n = 44

genital samples

PCR

MG = 10(22.7)

Pregnant women

[40]

24

Tehran

Seifoleslami

n = 350

cervical swab

PCR

Infertile women: MH = 8(5.3) & UU = 10(6.6) MH&UU = 4(2.6)

Fertile women: MH = 3(1.5) & UU = 5(2.5)

MH&UU = 1

Infertile women = 150

Fertile women = 200

[17]

25

Kurdistan

Ahmadi

n = 218

cervical swab

PCR

Pregnant women: UU = 8(7.3)

Spontaneous abortion: UU = 18(16.5)

Pregnant women = 109

Spontaneous abortion = 109

[41]

26

Sanandaj

Mousavi

n = 104

cervical swab

Multiplex PCR

MH = 3(3)

MG = 3(3)

UU = 39(37)

MH&UU = 1(1)

MH&MG = 1(1)

MG&UU = 1(1)

MG&UU&MH = 1(1)

Infertile women

[42]

27

Kerman

JamalizadehBahaabadi

n = 200

semen sample = 100

cervical swab = 100

PCR

Semen sample: MH = 15(7)

cervical swab: MH = 18(18)

Infertile men &

Infertile women

[43]

28

Kerman

Mohseni Moghadam

n = 200

semen samples = 100

cervical swab = 100

PCR

Semen samples: MG = 13(13)

cervical swab: MG = 10(10)

Infertile men

Infertile women

[11]

29

Tehran

Sobouti

n = 330

cervical swab

their baby after delivery

Multiplex PCR

Pregnant women: MH = 25(15.1) & UU = 25(15.1)

their baby after delivery: MH = 15(9) & UU = 18(10.9)

Pregnant women = 165

their baby after delivery = 165

[44]

30

Tehran

Dadashi

n = 124

sample from ovarian cancer

PCR

MG = 9(7.2)

Ovarian Cancer = 62

Benign Ovarian Cancer =62

[45]

31

Tehran

Eslami

n = 124

paraffin blocks

PCR

MG = 0

UU = 1(0.8)

From men who undergo prostatectomy

[46]

32

Tehran

Safavifar

n = 45

semen samples

PCR

Infertile men: MG = 6(40)

Fertile men: MG = 11(37)

Infertile men = 15

Fertile men = 30

[47]

33

Kerman

EftekhariMoghadam

n = 50

urine

PCR

MH = 3(6)

UTI patients

[14]

34

Kashan

Safari

n = 864

urine

PCR

MH = 1(0.1)

UTI patients

[48]

35

Sanandaj

Ramazanzadeh

n = 218

genital swab

PCR

Normal pregnant: MG = 4(3.6)

Spontaneous abortion: MG = 2(1.8)

Normal pregnant = 109

Spontaneous abortion = 109

[49]

36

Tehran

Ahmadi

n = 330

semen samples

Real-time PCR

Infertile men = MH = 24(14)

Fertile men: MH = 6(4)

Infertile men = 165

Fertile men = 165

[50]

37

Qazvin

Bahrami

n = 232

cervical swab

culture

UU = 87(37.5)

married females(20–50 years)

[51]

38

Qom

Asgari

n = 187

semen samples

PCR

MH = 71(39)

Infertile men

[52]

39

Tehran

Irajian

n = 200

prostatitis tissues with paraffin

PCR

UU = 7(3.5)

men suffering from prostatitis

[53]

40

Tehran

sameni

n = 65

cervical swab

PCR

MG = 11(16.9)

Infertile women

[54]

41

Tehran

Javadinia

n = 194

urine

PCR

UU = 22(11.3)

MG = 11(5.6)

UU&MG = 5(2.6)

Pregnant women

[55]

42

Mashhad

Makari golkhatmi

n = 200

vaginal swab

PCR-ELISA

Infertile women: MG = 21(21)

Fertile women: MG = 3(3)

Infertile women = 100

Fertile women = 100

[56]

43

Hamedan

Moradi

n = 234

cervical swab

Culture

PCR

Culture: MH = 14(5.9)

PCR: MH = 30(12.8)

married females(20–50 years)

[57]

44

Mashhad

Moridi

n = 100

semen samples

Culture

PCR

Culture: MH = 7(7)

PCR: MH = 8(8)

Culture: MG = 0(0)

PCR: MG = 0(0)

Infertile men

^a