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Table 2 The comparison on general symptoms and nervous, respiratory and circulatory complications between survivors and fatal cases

From: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) among children: a 6-year population-based study

 

Fatal cases

N2 = 44

Survivors

N1 = 415

Total

N = 459

OR(95%CI)

Fever

42 (95.5)

396 (95.4)

438 (95.4)

1.01 (0.23–4.48)

Hyperpyrexia(T > 39 °C)

9 (20.5)

102 (24.6)

111 (24.0)

0.79 (0.37–1.70)

Fever≥3 days

32 (72.7)

224 (54.0)

286 (62.3)

2.27 (1.14–4.54)*

Rash

36 (81.8)

373 (90.0)

409 (89.1)

0.51 (0.22–1.16)

Rash≥3 days

16 (36.4)

221 (53.3)

237 (51.6)

0.50 (0.26–0.96)*

Herpes in the oral cavity

22 (50.0)

291 (70.1)

313 (68.2)

0.43 (0.23–0.80)*

Herpes on cheek

5 (11.4)

152 (36.6)

157 (34.2)

0.22 (0.09–0.58)*

Herpes on fauces

14 (31.8)

126 (30.4)

140 (30.5)

1.07 (0.55–2.09)

Nervous complications

 Consciousness Disorders

22 (50.0)

45

67

8.22 (4.22–16.02)**

 Lethargy

33 (75.0)

307

340

1.06 (0.52–2.16)

 Abnormal pupillary light reflex

11 (25.0)

22

33

5.96 (2.66–13.34)**

 Panic

26

270

296

0.78 (0.41–1.46)

 Vomiting

23

105

128

3.23 (1.72–6.08)**

 Convulsion

13

90

51

1.51 (0.76–3.01)

 General weakness

10

50

60

2.51 (1.22–5.16)*

 Dysphoria

9

64

73

1.41 (0.65–3.08)

 Shake of hand or foot

19

212

231

0.73 (0.39–1.36)

Respiratory complications

 Persistent cough

16

90

106

2.63 (1.07–3.98)*

 Polypnea

9

55

64

1.68 (0.77–3.69)

 Tachypnea

14

30

42

5.99 (2.87–12.49)**

 Moist rales

19

40

59

7.13 (3.61–14.06)**

 White frothy sputum

4

10

14

4.05 (1.22–13.50)*

 Pink frothy sputum

19

14

33

21.77 (9.78–48.44)**

 Cyanosis (lips)

34

87

121

12.82 (6.09–26.96)**

 Cyanosis (the whole body)

13

28

41

5.80 (2.73–13.30)**

Circulatory complications

 Tachycardia

25 (56.8)

158 (38.1)

183

2.14 (1.14–4.01)*

 Arrhythmia

13 (29.5)

25 (6.0)

38

6.54 (3.05–14.04)**

 Cold limbs

17 (38.6)

42 (10.1)

59

5.59 (2.82–11.10)**

 Pale complexion

18 (40.9)

48 (11.6)

66

5.29 (2.70–10.37)**

 Weakened pulse

14 (31.8)

23 (5.5)

37

7.95 (3.72–14.03)**

  1. Note: OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval. *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01