Skip to main content

Table 3 Modification of the Effect of Household Wealth on Overweight by Educational Attainment in 22 SSA Countries

From: Is the positive association between middle-income and rich household wealth and adult sub-Saharan African women’s overweight status modified by the level of education attainment? A cross-sectional study of 22 countries

  

Poorest

Middle

Rich

OR (95% CI) for middle-income household wealth tertile

OR (95% CI) for rich household wealth tertile

AnCred for middle tertile

AnCred for rich tertitle

Country

Educational Attainment

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Scepticism/Advocacy limit (OR)

Intrinsically credible if no prior evidence

Scepticism/Advocacy limit (OR)

Intrinsically credible if no prior evidence

Low- Income Countries

1. Benin 2011–12

None/Primary

1.00

1.65 (1.44–1.89)

2.74 (2.34–3.21)

1.65 (1.44–1.89)

2.74 (2.34–3.21)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

1.34 (0.77–2.33)

1.42 (1.07–1.90)

2.39 (1.98–2.89)

1.06 (0.58–1.95)

1.78 (1.02–3.11)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

0.64 (0.35–1.17)

0.65 (0.37–1.15)

AL = 0.02

no

AL = 0.02

no

2. Chad 2014–15

None/Primary

1.00

1.04 (0.80–1.36)

1.63 (1.25–2.12)

1.04 (0.80–1.36)

1.63 (1.25–2.12)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

1.89 (0.98–3.64)

1.85 (0.99–3.49)

2.22 (1.59–3.10)

0.98 (0.42–2.26)

1.17 (0.62–2.24)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

0.94 (0.40–2.21)

0.72 (0.37–1.42)

AL = 0.78

no

AL = 0.19

no

3. Comoros 2012

None/Primary

1.00

1.37 (1.08–1.75)

1.76 (1.30–2.37)

1.37 (1.08–1.75)

1.76 (1.30–2.37)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

0.68 (0.47–0.99)

1.41 (1.07–1.86)

1.45 (1.11–1.90)

2.07 (1.42–3.02)

2.13 (1.51–3.02)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

1.51 (0.98–2.32)

1.22 (0.76–1.93)

AL > 1000

no

AL = 2.5

no

4. Congo DRC 2013–14

None/Primary

1.00

1.12 (0.84–1.49)

3.01 (2.16–4.18)

1.12 (0.84–1.49)

3.01 (2.16–4.18)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

0.79 (0.48–1.32)

1.36 (0.92–2.03)

4.59 (3.37–6.25)

1.72 (0.96–3.07)

5.77 (3.35–9.95)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

1.53 (0.80–2.93)

1.92 (1.08–3.40)

AL = 19.93

no

SL = 2.9

yes

5. Gambia 2013

None/Primary

1.00

1.32 (0.99–1.74)

1.86 (1.29–2.69)

1.32 (0.99–1.74)

1.86 (1.29–2.69)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

0.99 (0.64–1.55)

1.61 (1.10–2.37)

1.99 (1.38–2.89)

1.62 (0.98–2.67)

2.01 (1.31–3.07)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

1.23 (0.71–2.15)

1.08 (0.65–1.79)

AL = 2.69

yes

none available

yes

6. Liberia

None/Primary

1.00

1.18 (0.92–1.53)

3.22 (2.11–4.92)

1.18 (0.92–1.53)

3.22 (2.11–4.92)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

1.29 (0.71–2.35)

1.47 (0.97–2.25)

2.85 (1.64–4.95)

1.14 (0.61–2.11)

2.85 (1.64–4.95)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

0.96 (0.51–1.83)

0.89 (0.46–1.72)

AL = 0.87

no

AL = 0.62

no

7. Malawi

None/Primary

1.00

1.37 (1.13–1.67)

2.94 (2.35–3.67)

1.37 (1.13–1.67)

2.94 (2.35–3.67)

   

z

 

Secondary/Higher

1.06 (0.63–1.78)

1.76 (1.29–2.38)

3.28 (2.57–4.20)

1.66 (0.91–3.05)

3.11 (1.96–4.92)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

1.21 (0.64–2.30)

1.06 (0.64–1.75)

none available

yes

none available

yes

8. Rwanda

None/Primary

1.00

1.39 (1.16–1.66)

3.02 (2.47–3.68)

1.39 (1.16–1.66)

3.02 (2.47–3.68)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

1.21 (0.66–2.23)

1.85 (1.30–2.63)

3.53 (2.87–4.35)

1.53 (0.79–2.97)

2.92 (1.58–5.40)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

1.10 (0.56–2.16)

0.97 (0.51–1.83)

none available

yes

AL = 0.87

no

9. Sierra Leone 2013

None/Primary

1.00

1.36 (1.07–1.71)

2.67 (1.99–3.60)

1.36 (1.07–1.71)

2.67 (1.99–3.60)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

1.23 (0.74–2.06)

1.57 (1.07–2.30)

2.49 (1.79–3.47)

1.27 (0.71–2.28)

2.02 (1.20–3.42)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

0.94 (0.50–1.77)

0.76 (0.45–1.27)

AL = 0.78

no

AL = 0.21

no

10. Tanzania 2015–16

None/Primary

1.00

2.13 (1.82–2.50)

5.46 (1.82–2.50)

2.13 (1.82–2.50)

5.46 (4.29–6.95)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

1.67 (1.04–2.67)

2.68 (2.04–3.52)

6.00 (4.78–7.53)

1.61 (0.95–2.72)

3.60 (2.19–5.89)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

0.75 (0.44–1.30)

0.66 (0.40–1.08)

AL = 0.22

no

AL = 0.003

no

11. Togo 2013–14

None/Primary

1.00

1.70 (1.25–2.30)

3.84 (2.42–6.09)

1.70 (1.25–2.30)

3.84 (2.42–6.09)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

1.24 (0.72–2.15)

1.93 (1.29–2.87)

4.00 (2.54–6.30)

1.55 (0.82–2.93)

3.22 (1.73–6.01)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

0.91 (0.49–1.70)

0.84 (0.47–1.50)

AL = 0.69

no

AL = 0.46

no

12. Zimbabwe 2015

None/Primary

1.00

2.13 (1.69–2.68)

3.52 (2.34–5.29)

2.13 (1.69–2.68)

3.52 (2.34–5.29)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

1.37 (1.14–1.65)

2.56 (2.07–3.16)

4.18 (3.24–5.40)

1.87 (1.53–2.28)

3.05 (2.37–3.94)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

0.88 (0.67–1.16)

0.87 (0.58–1.31)

AL = 0.53

no

AL = 0.54

no

Lower-Middle Income Countries

13. Cameroon 2011

None/Primary

1.00

2.03 (1.58–2.60)

3.80 (2.80–5.17)

2.03 (1.58–2.60)

3.80 (2.80–5.17)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

1.58 (1.09–2.29)

2.22 (1.59–3.11)

3.76 (2.90–4.89)

1.41 (0.97–2.05)

2.38 (1.64–3.47)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

0.69 (0.48–1.00)

0.63 (0.40–0.98)

AL < 0.01

no

SL = 0.23

no

14. Congo 2011–12

No/Primary Education

1.00

1.60 (1.12–2.28)

3.15 (2.05–4.84)

1.60 (1.12–2.28)

3.15 (2.05–4.84)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

1.53 (1.08–2.17)

1.85 (1.29–2.66)

4.25 (3.04–5.95)

1.21 (0.79–1.85)

2.78 (1.89–4.09)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

0.76 (0.44–1.32)

0.88 (0.54–1.44)

AL = 0.24

no

Al = 0.58

no

15. Ghana 2014

None/Primary

1.00

2.69 (1.95–3.73)

7.10 (4.60–11.0)

2.69 (1.95–3.73)

7.10 (4.60–11.0)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

1.42 (0.93–2.18)

3.31 (2.33–4.69)

7.74 (5.41–11.08)

2.33 (1.66–3.27)

5.45 (3.80–7.81)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

0.86 (0.55–1.35)

0.77 (0.45–1.30)

AL = 0.51

no

AL = 0.24

no

16. Kenya 2014

None/Primary

1.00

1.98 (1.72–2.28)

4.16 (3.46–5.01)

1.98 (1.72–2.28)

4.16 (3.46–5.01)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

1.28 (0.98–1.66)

2.00 (1.68–2.37)

4.13 (3.49–4.89)

1.56 (1.18–2.07)

3.24 (2.49–4.21)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

0.79 (0.58–1.07)

0.77 (0.59–1.02)

AL = 0.09

no

AL < 0.01

no

17. Lesotho

None/Primary

1.00

1.98 (1.51–2.60)

2.90 (1.93–4.36)

1.98 (1.51–2.60)

2.90 (1.93–4.36)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

1.46 (1.08–1.99)

2.79 (2.18–3.57)

3.81 (2.88–5.03)

1.91 (1.39–2.62)

2.60 (1.80–3.77)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

0.96 (0.63–1.48)

0.90 (0.56–1.44)

AL = 0.89

no

AL = 0.64

no

18. Nigeria

None/Primary

1.00

2.28 (1.97–2.66)

4.50 (3.75–5.40)

2.28 (1.97–2.66)

4.50 (3.75–5.40)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

2.01 (1.57–2.58)

3.20 (2.75–3.72)

6.15 (5.28–7.15)

1.59 (1.25–2.03)

3.06 (2.40–3.91)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

0.70 (0.53–0.92)

0.68 (0.51–0.90)

SL = 0.72

yes

SL = 0.74

yes

19. Swaziland

None/Primary

1.00

1.94 (1.47–2.56)

4.01 (2.68–6.01)

1.94 (1.47–2.56)

4.01 (2.68–6.01)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

1.54 (1.21–1.97)

2.48 (1.92–3.20)

3.29 (2.58–4.20)

1.61 (1.18–2.18)

2.13 (1.62–2.81)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

0.83 (0.58–1.18)

0.53 (0.34–0.82)

AL = 0.35

no

SL = 0.66

yes

20. Zambia

None/Primary

1.00

2.02 (1.67–2.43)

5.27 (4.18–6.63)

2.02 (1.67–2.43)

5.27 (4.18–6.63)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

1.37 (1.00–1.88)

2.66 (2.18–3.25)

6.14 (4.97–7.60)

1.94 (1.43–2.62)

4.48 (3.25–6.17)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

0.96 (0.67–1.38)

0.85 (0.59–1.22)

AL = 0.85

no

AL = 0.44

no

Upper-Middle Income Countries

21. Gabon

None/Primary

1.00

2.88 (1.96–4.23)

3.98 (2.47–6.41)

2.88 (1.96–4.23)

3.98 (2.47–6.41)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

1.60 (1.12–2.28)

3.02 (1.99–4.59)

3.59 (2.41–5.34)

1.89 (1.27–2.81)

2.25 (1.55–3.26)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

0.66 (0.42–1.04)

0.57 (0.35–0.92)

AL < 0.01

no

SL = 0.45

no

22. Namibia

None/Primary

1.00

2.68 (1.91–3.77)

5.50 (3.05–9.91)

2.68 (1.91–3.77)

5.50 (3.05–9.91)

    
 

Secondary/Higher

1.51 (1.06–2.14)

3.76 (2.71–5.21)

5.94 (4.15–8.50)

2.49 (1.94–3.21)

3.94 (2.93–5.30)

    
 

Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs)

0.93 (0.62–1.38)

0.72 (0.38–1.36)

AL = 0.72

no

AL = 0.17

no