Poorest | Middle | Rich | OR (95% CI) for middle-income household wealth tertile | OR (95% CI) for rich household wealth tertile | AnCred for middle tertile | AnCred for rich tertitle | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Educational Attainment | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | Scepticism/Advocacy limit (OR) | Intrinsically credible if no prior evidence | Scepticism/Advocacy limit (OR) | Intrinsically credible if no prior evidence | ||
Low- Income Countries | ||||||||||
1. Benin 2011–12 | None/Primary | 1.00 | 1.65 (1.44–1.89) | 2.74 (2.34–3.21) | 1.65 (1.44–1.89) | 2.74 (2.34–3.21) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 1.34 (0.77–2.33) | 1.42 (1.07–1.90) | 2.39 (1.98–2.89) | 1.06 (0.58–1.95) | 1.78 (1.02–3.11) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 0.64 (0.35–1.17) | 0.65 (0.37–1.15) | AL = 0.02 | no | AL = 0.02 | no | ||||
2. Chad 2014–15 | None/Primary | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.80–1.36) | 1.63 (1.25–2.12) | 1.04 (0.80–1.36) | 1.63 (1.25–2.12) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 1.89 (0.98–3.64) | 1.85 (0.99–3.49) | 2.22 (1.59–3.10) | 0.98 (0.42–2.26) | 1.17 (0.62–2.24) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 0.94 (0.40–2.21) | 0.72 (0.37–1.42) | AL = 0.78 | no | AL = 0.19 | no | ||||
3. Comoros 2012 | None/Primary | 1.00 | 1.37 (1.08–1.75) | 1.76 (1.30–2.37) | 1.37 (1.08–1.75) | 1.76 (1.30–2.37) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 0.68 (0.47–0.99) | 1.41 (1.07–1.86) | 1.45 (1.11–1.90) | 2.07 (1.42–3.02) | 2.13 (1.51–3.02) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 1.51 (0.98–2.32) | 1.22 (0.76–1.93) | AL > 1000 | no | AL = 2.5 | no | ||||
4. Congo DRC 2013–14 | None/Primary | 1.00 | 1.12 (0.84–1.49) | 3.01 (2.16–4.18) | 1.12 (0.84–1.49) | 3.01 (2.16–4.18) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 0.79 (0.48–1.32) | 1.36 (0.92–2.03) | 4.59 (3.37–6.25) | 1.72 (0.96–3.07) | 5.77 (3.35–9.95) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 1.53 (0.80–2.93) | 1.92 (1.08–3.40) | AL = 19.93 | no | SL = 2.9 | yes | ||||
5. Gambia 2013 | None/Primary | 1.00 | 1.32 (0.99–1.74) | 1.86 (1.29–2.69) | 1.32 (0.99–1.74) | 1.86 (1.29–2.69) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 0.99 (0.64–1.55) | 1.61 (1.10–2.37) | 1.99 (1.38–2.89) | 1.62 (0.98–2.67) | 2.01 (1.31–3.07) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 1.23 (0.71–2.15) | 1.08 (0.65–1.79) | AL = 2.69 | yes | none available | yes | ||||
6. Liberia | None/Primary | 1.00 | 1.18 (0.92–1.53) | 3.22 (2.11–4.92) | 1.18 (0.92–1.53) | 3.22 (2.11–4.92) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 1.29 (0.71–2.35) | 1.47 (0.97–2.25) | 2.85 (1.64–4.95) | 1.14 (0.61–2.11) | 2.85 (1.64–4.95) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 0.96 (0.51–1.83) | 0.89 (0.46–1.72) | AL = 0.87 | no | AL = 0.62 | no | ||||
7. Malawi | None/Primary | 1.00 | 1.37 (1.13–1.67) | 2.94 (2.35–3.67) | 1.37 (1.13–1.67) | 2.94 (2.35–3.67) | z | |||
Secondary/Higher | 1.06 (0.63–1.78) | 1.76 (1.29–2.38) | 3.28 (2.57–4.20) | 1.66 (0.91–3.05) | 3.11 (1.96–4.92) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 1.21 (0.64–2.30) | 1.06 (0.64–1.75) | none available | yes | none available | yes | ||||
8. Rwanda | None/Primary | 1.00 | 1.39 (1.16–1.66) | 3.02 (2.47–3.68) | 1.39 (1.16–1.66) | 3.02 (2.47–3.68) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 1.21 (0.66–2.23) | 1.85 (1.30–2.63) | 3.53 (2.87–4.35) | 1.53 (0.79–2.97) | 2.92 (1.58–5.40) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 1.10 (0.56–2.16) | 0.97 (0.51–1.83) | none available | yes | AL = 0.87 | no | ||||
9. Sierra Leone 2013 | None/Primary | 1.00 | 1.36 (1.07–1.71) | 2.67 (1.99–3.60) | 1.36 (1.07–1.71) | 2.67 (1.99–3.60) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 1.23 (0.74–2.06) | 1.57 (1.07–2.30) | 2.49 (1.79–3.47) | 1.27 (0.71–2.28) | 2.02 (1.20–3.42) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 0.94 (0.50–1.77) | 0.76 (0.45–1.27) | AL = 0.78 | no | AL = 0.21 | no | ||||
10. Tanzania 2015–16 | None/Primary | 1.00 | 2.13 (1.82–2.50) | 5.46 (1.82–2.50) | 2.13 (1.82–2.50) | 5.46 (4.29–6.95) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 1.67 (1.04–2.67) | 2.68 (2.04–3.52) | 6.00 (4.78–7.53) | 1.61 (0.95–2.72) | 3.60 (2.19–5.89) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 0.75 (0.44–1.30) | 0.66 (0.40–1.08) | AL = 0.22 | no | AL = 0.003 | no | ||||
11. Togo 2013–14 | None/Primary | 1.00 | 1.70 (1.25–2.30) | 3.84 (2.42–6.09) | 1.70 (1.25–2.30) | 3.84 (2.42–6.09) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 1.24 (0.72–2.15) | 1.93 (1.29–2.87) | 4.00 (2.54–6.30) | 1.55 (0.82–2.93) | 3.22 (1.73–6.01) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 0.91 (0.49–1.70) | 0.84 (0.47–1.50) | AL = 0.69 | no | AL = 0.46 | no | ||||
12. Zimbabwe 2015 | None/Primary | 1.00 | 2.13 (1.69–2.68) | 3.52 (2.34–5.29) | 2.13 (1.69–2.68) | 3.52 (2.34–5.29) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 1.37 (1.14–1.65) | 2.56 (2.07–3.16) | 4.18 (3.24–5.40) | 1.87 (1.53–2.28) | 3.05 (2.37–3.94) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 0.88 (0.67–1.16) | 0.87 (0.58–1.31) | AL = 0.53 | no | AL = 0.54 | no | ||||
Lower-Middle Income Countries | ||||||||||
13. Cameroon 2011 | None/Primary | 1.00 | 2.03 (1.58–2.60) | 3.80 (2.80–5.17) | 2.03 (1.58–2.60) | 3.80 (2.80–5.17) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 1.58 (1.09–2.29) | 2.22 (1.59–3.11) | 3.76 (2.90–4.89) | 1.41 (0.97–2.05) | 2.38 (1.64–3.47) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 0.69 (0.48–1.00) | 0.63 (0.40–0.98) | AL < 0.01 | no | SL = 0.23 | no | ||||
14. Congo 2011–12 | No/Primary Education | 1.00 | 1.60 (1.12–2.28) | 3.15 (2.05–4.84) | 1.60 (1.12–2.28) | 3.15 (2.05–4.84) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 1.53 (1.08–2.17) | 1.85 (1.29–2.66) | 4.25 (3.04–5.95) | 1.21 (0.79–1.85) | 2.78 (1.89–4.09) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 0.76 (0.44–1.32) | 0.88 (0.54–1.44) | AL = 0.24 | no | Al = 0.58 | no | ||||
15. Ghana 2014 | None/Primary | 1.00 | 2.69 (1.95–3.73) | 7.10 (4.60–11.0) | 2.69 (1.95–3.73) | 7.10 (4.60–11.0) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 1.42 (0.93–2.18) | 3.31 (2.33–4.69) | 7.74 (5.41–11.08) | 2.33 (1.66–3.27) | 5.45 (3.80–7.81) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 0.86 (0.55–1.35) | 0.77 (0.45–1.30) | AL = 0.51 | no | AL = 0.24 | no | ||||
16. Kenya 2014 | None/Primary | 1.00 | 1.98 (1.72–2.28) | 4.16 (3.46–5.01) | 1.98 (1.72–2.28) | 4.16 (3.46–5.01) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 1.28 (0.98–1.66) | 2.00 (1.68–2.37) | 4.13 (3.49–4.89) | 1.56 (1.18–2.07) | 3.24 (2.49–4.21) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 0.79 (0.58–1.07) | 0.77 (0.59–1.02) | AL = 0.09 | no | AL < 0.01 | no | ||||
17. Lesotho | None/Primary | 1.00 | 1.98 (1.51–2.60) | 2.90 (1.93–4.36) | 1.98 (1.51–2.60) | 2.90 (1.93–4.36) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 1.46 (1.08–1.99) | 2.79 (2.18–3.57) | 3.81 (2.88–5.03) | 1.91 (1.39–2.62) | 2.60 (1.80–3.77) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 0.96 (0.63–1.48) | 0.90 (0.56–1.44) | AL = 0.89 | no | AL = 0.64 | no | ||||
18. Nigeria | None/Primary | 1.00 | 2.28 (1.97–2.66) | 4.50 (3.75–5.40) | 2.28 (1.97–2.66) | 4.50 (3.75–5.40) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 2.01 (1.57–2.58) | 3.20 (2.75–3.72) | 6.15 (5.28–7.15) | 1.59 (1.25–2.03) | 3.06 (2.40–3.91) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 0.70 (0.53–0.92) | 0.68 (0.51–0.90) | SL = 0.72 | yes | SL = 0.74 | yes | ||||
19. Swaziland | None/Primary | 1.00 | 1.94 (1.47–2.56) | 4.01 (2.68–6.01) | 1.94 (1.47–2.56) | 4.01 (2.68–6.01) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 1.54 (1.21–1.97) | 2.48 (1.92–3.20) | 3.29 (2.58–4.20) | 1.61 (1.18–2.18) | 2.13 (1.62–2.81) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 0.83 (0.58–1.18) | 0.53 (0.34–0.82) | AL = 0.35 | no | SL = 0.66 | yes | ||||
20. Zambia | None/Primary | 1.00 | 2.02 (1.67–2.43) | 5.27 (4.18–6.63) | 2.02 (1.67–2.43) | 5.27 (4.18–6.63) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 1.37 (1.00–1.88) | 2.66 (2.18–3.25) | 6.14 (4.97–7.60) | 1.94 (1.43–2.62) | 4.48 (3.25–6.17) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 0.96 (0.67–1.38) | 0.85 (0.59–1.22) | AL = 0.85 | no | AL = 0.44 | no | ||||
Upper-Middle Income Countries | ||||||||||
21. Gabon | None/Primary | 1.00 | 2.88 (1.96–4.23) | 3.98 (2.47–6.41) | 2.88 (1.96–4.23) | 3.98 (2.47–6.41) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 1.60 (1.12–2.28) | 3.02 (1.99–4.59) | 3.59 (2.41–5.34) | 1.89 (1.27–2.81) | 2.25 (1.55–3.26) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 0.66 (0.42–1.04) | 0.57 (0.35–0.92) | AL < 0.01 | no | SL = 0.45 | no | ||||
22. Namibia | None/Primary | 1.00 | 2.68 (1.91–3.77) | 5.50 (3.05–9.91) | 2.68 (1.91–3.77) | 5.50 (3.05–9.91) | ||||
Secondary/Higher | 1.51 (1.06–2.14) | 3.76 (2.71–5.21) | 5.94 (4.15–8.50) | 2.49 (1.94–3.21) | 3.94 (2.93–5.30) | |||||
Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: ratio of ORs (95% CIs) | 0.93 (0.62–1.38) | 0.72 (0.38–1.36) | AL = 0.72 | no | AL = 0.17 | no |