Table 3 Odds Ratios and 95% CI for different Characteristics of Male South East Asian Migrants in UAE in association with cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use (N = 1375)
Risk Factor | Multi-variable Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cigarette Smoking | p-value | Smokeless Tobacco Use | p-value | |
Age | 1.01 (1.00, 1.03) | 0.10 | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.05 |
Nationality | ||||
Indian | ref | ref | ||
Pakistani | 1.38 (0.94–2.03) | 0.10 | 2.29 (1.26–4.16) | 0.01 |
Bangladeshi | 2.49 (1.76–3.53) | 0.00 | 3.04 (1.74–5.32) | 0.00 |
Education | ||||
Secondary | 1.07 (0.81–1.42) | 2.00 (1.32–3.04) | ||
College or higher | ref | 0.63 | ref | 0.00 |
Monthly income | 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) | 0.24 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.81 |
Hypertension | ||||
No | ref | ref | ||
Yes | 0.68 (0.51–0.92) | 0.01 | 1.24 (0.82–1.86) | 0.30 |
Diabetes Mellitus a | ||||
No | ref | ref | ||
Yes | 0.69 (0.40–1.18) | 0.17 | 1.13 (0.57–2.24) | 0.73 |
High Cholesterol b | ||||
No | ref | ref | ||
Yes | 1.50 (0.88–2.56) | 0.13 | 0.84 (0.37–1.88) | 0.66 |
Moderate exercise a | ||||
No | ref | ref | ||
Yes | 1.11 (0.95–1.31) | 0.19 | 0.97 (0.79–1.25) | 0.97 |
Alcohol consumption a | ||||
No | ref | ref | ||
Yes | 3.27 (2.17–4.94) | 0.00 | 2.57 (1.46–4.52) | 0.00 |