Fig. 3From: Non-communicable diseases are key to further narrow gender gap in life expectancy in Shanghai, ChinaCause-specific contributions to GGLE in Shanghai in 1973, 1999 and 2018. Values above zero indicate higher mortality in male. The sum of the positive and negative values results in GGLE of 8.4 years in 1973, 4.2 years in 1999 and 4.8 years in 2018Back to article page