The frequency of impairments in everyday activities due to the overuse of the internet, gaming, or smartphone, and its relationship to health-related quality of life in Korea

Table 1 Proportion of impairment levels in daily activities due to the overuse of the internet, gaming, or smartphone according to age groups

Age (Years)	Participants who used the Internet, gaming, or smartphones at least once before (N = 190,066)
Age (Years)	No Impairment groups^a (n = 168,121)	Mild Impairment groups^b (n = 13,387)	Moderate-to-Severe Impairment groups^c (n = 8558)	χ2 Post Hoc²⁾
Total	168,121(84.89)¹⁾	13,387(9.30)	8558(5.81)	14,299.550^*a > b > c
19–29	14,951(62.68)	5143(22.65)	3436(14.67)	6635.188^*a > b > c
30–39	22,779(77.83)	3897(13.85)	2306(8.32)	17,114.821^*a > b > c
40–49	33,738(88.78)	2623(7.35)	1419(3.87)	33,491.711^*a > b > c
50–59	38,859(95.07)	1137(2.96)	802(1.97)	39,889.012^*a > b > c
60–69	30,894(96.81)	446(1.62)	430(1.57)	27,631.206^*a > b, c
70–79	19,628(98.32)	121(0.79)	143(0.89)	16,275.763^*a > b, c
80 or older	7272(99.24)	20(0.35)	22(0.41)	5023.811^*a > b, c

^a: No Impairment groups / ^b: Mild Impairment groups / ^c: Moderate-to-Severe Impairment groups
¹⁾ The numbers in parentheses are the row percentages reflecting weight
²⁾ The Bonferroni test was used for Post-hoc analysis
^*p < .0001

ISSN: 1471-2458