Table 2 Multilevel logistic analysis of factors associated with total unmet need among sexually active women
From: Multilevel analysis of factors associated with unmet need for family planning among Malawian women
| Variable | Null model |
Model I aOR (95% CI) |
Model II aOR (95% CI) |
Model III aOR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual-level factors | ||||
| Woman’s age (years) | ||||
| 15–24 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 25–34 | 0.98 (0.87–1.10) | 0.98 (0.87–1.10) | ||
| ≥ 35 | 1.17 (1.03–1.33) | 1.19 (1.04–1.35) | ||
| Number of children ever had | ||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 1 | 0.61 (0.37–1.01) | 0.60 (0.36–1.00) | ||
| 2+ | 0.62 (0.37–1.04) | 0.61 (0.36–1.03) | ||
| Wealth | ||||
| Poor | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Middle | 0.94 (0.84–1.05) | 0.95 (0.85–1.06) | ||
| Rich | 0.94 (0.84–1.05) | 0.99 (0.88–1.11) | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Unmarried | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Married | 0.42 (0.35–0.49) | 0.41 (0.35–0.48) | ||
| Employed | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 0.76 (0.69–0.82) | 0.78 (0.71–0.85) | ||
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Rural | 1.09 (0.96–1.25) | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) | ||
| Region | ||||
| Northern | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Central | 0.78 (0.69–0.89) | 0.69 (0.60–0.80) | ||
| Southern | 0.91 (0.81–1.03) | 0.80 (0.70–0.92) | ||
| Woman’s educational level | ||||
| No formal education | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Primary | 0.85 (0.75–0.96) | 0.90 (0.79–1.02) | ||
| Secondary and higher | 0.87 (0.74–1.02) | 0.94 (0.80–1.11) | ||
| Religion | ||||
| Catholics | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Protestants | 1.01 (0.89–1.14) | 1.00 (0.88–1.13) | ||
| Muslims and other | 1.14 (1.03–1.27) | 1.12 (1.01–1.25) | ||
| Experienced death of child | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 0.90 (0.55–1.47) | 0.88 (0.54–1.44) | ||
| Media exposure | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 0.82 (0.75–0.90) | 0.82 (0.75–0.90) | ||
| Distance to HF | ||||
| No problem | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Problem | 1.09 (1.01–1.19) | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | ||
| Community-level factors | ||||
| Community wealth | ||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Middle | 0.94 (0.84–1.05) | 0.90 (0.81–1.01) | ||
| High | 0.87 (0.76–1.01) | 0.81 (0.67–0.96) | ||
| Community employment | ||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Middle | 0.87 (0.78–0.97) | 0.95 (0.85–1.06) | ||
| High | 0.76 (0.67–0.85) | 0.88 (0.78–0.99) | ||
| Community women’s education | ||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Middle | 0.86 (0.77–0.98) | 0.86 (0.76–0.96) | ||
| High | 0.84 (0.74–0.95) | 0.81 (0.70–0.93) | ||
| Community distance to HF | ||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Middle | 1.18 (1.04–1.33) | 1.17 (1.03–1.32) | ||
| High | 1.11 (0.97–1.27) | 1.08 (0.93–1.24) | ||
| Measures of variation | ||||
| Area variance (95% CI) | 0.14 (0.10–0.19) | 0.10 (0.06–0.15) | 0.11 (0.07–0.16) | 0.09 (0.05–0.14) |
| ICC (%) | 4.0 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 2.7 |
| PCV (%) | Ref. | 28.6 | 21.4 | 35.7 |
| MOR | 1.43 | 1.35 | 1.37 | 1.33 |
| Model Fit statistic | ||||
| AIC | 16,154.26 | 15,877.07 | 16,116.63 | 15,860.86 |