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Table 3 Factors associated with stunting and with overweight among children from zero to 60 months of age, Alagoas (Northeast Brazil), 1992

From: Stunting and overweight among children in Northeast Brazil: prevalence, trends (1992-2005-2015) and associated risk factors from repeated cross-sectional surveys

Variables

Categories

Stuntinga

Overweightb

Prevalence (%) p-value (χ2)

Crude PR (95% CI)

Adjusted PRc (95% CI)

Prevalence (%) p-value (χ2)

Crude PR (95% CI)

Adjusted PRc (95% CI)

Sex

Male

23.4

1

9.1

1

1

Female

21.8

0.93 (0.76–1.14) ns

ns

4.7

0.57 (0.37–0.87)*

0.50 (0.32–0.78)*

 

p = 0.6640

  

p = 0.0021

  

Age group (months)

0.0 –| 24.0

14.5

1

1

8.1

1

24 –| 60.0

28.3

1.94 (1.53–2.47)*

1.85 (1.31–2.63)*

6.1

0.78 (0.52–1.18) ns

ns

 

p < 0.0001

  

p = 0.1781

  

Birth weight (g)

Normal (2500–3999)

15.7

1

1

7.3

1

Low (< 2500)

28.3

1.80 (1.21–2.67)*

1.72 (1.19–2.49)*

5.0

0.69 (0.26–1.87) ns

ns

High (≥4000)

11.1

0.71 (0.41–1.22) ns

0.58 (0.33–1.01)#

9.9

1.28 (0.68–2.41) ns

ns

 

p = 0.0048

  

p = 0.4240

  

Number of people in the household

≤ 4

16.5

1

7.3

1

>  4

24.9

1.51 (1.16–1.97) *

ns

6.6

0.90 (0.57–1.42) ns

ns

 

p = 0.0015

  

p = 0.6548

  

Residence area

Urban

18.2

1

7.5

1

Rural

28.7

1.58 (1.28–1.94) *

ns

6.1

0.82 (0.54–1.24) ns

ns

 

p < 0.0001

  

p = 0.3449

  

Mother with ≤2 children

Yes

12.8

1

1

8.9

1

No

28.8

2.25 (1.73–2.92) *

1.64 (1.15–2.35)*

5.8

0.66 (0.44–1.00) *

0.66 (0.44–1.00)*

 

p < 0.0001

  

p = 0.0450

  

Low maternal schooling (years of study ≤4)

Yes

29.3

4.07 (2.74–6.03)*

3.23 (2.01–5.22)*

6.4

0.79 (0.51–1.23) ns

ns

No

7.2

1

1

8.0

1

 

p < 0.0001

  

p = 0.3226

  

Maternal age group (years)

≤ 20.0

16.3

0.74 (0.52–1.06)#

ns

6.7

0.92 (0.49–1.70) ns

ns

20.1–39.9

22.1

1

7.2

1

≥ 40.0

32.1

1.45 (1.08–1.95)*

ns

5.3

0.74 (0.33–1.66) ns

ns

 

p = 0.0073

  

p = 0.7585

  
  1. * Statistically significant difference, according to the 95% confidence interval (95% CI)
  2. ns Non-significant difference
  3. # 0.05 < p < 0.1 (marginal statistical significance)
  4. a Stunting: height-for-age < −2 sd
  5. b Overweight: weight-for-height > 2 sd
  6. c backward elimination process