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Table 1 Distributions regarding “can work until age 65 in the current occupation” outcome included in the final multivariate model and the corresponding odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) obtained from logistic regression. Increased ORs for an item indicate individuals’ decreased possibility to work until age 65 in their current occupation. (* = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.005)

From: When is work a cause of early retirement and are there any effective organizational measures to combat this? A population-based study of perceived work environment and work-related disorders among employees in Sweden

Theme

Statement

Groups

Univariate estimate

Included in the final multivariate model of the theme

OR

95% Cl

OR

95% Cl

Physical work environment

Bodily exhaustion after work

Total

4.7*

3.4–6.6

4.3**

2.7–6.8

Men

4.2*

2.4–7.3

3.0**

1.4–6.5

Women

4.8*

3.2–7.3

5.0**

2.8–8.9

Strenuous working poses

Total

3.3*

2.3–4.8

2,0**

1.4–3.0

Men

3.2*

1.7–6.1

2.1*

1.1–4.3

Women

3.2*

2.0–5.0

1.9*

1.2–3.0

Feel that the work is physically demanding and strenuous

Total

2.8*

2.0–3.9

  

Men

2.8*

1.6–4.8

  

Women

2.8*

1.9–4.1

  

Strenuous unilateral working movements

Total

2.6*

1.8–3.8

  

Men

3.7*

1.9–7.1

  

Women

2.3*

1.5–3.6

  

Turns in the same way many times an hour

Total

2.4*

1.8–3.2

  

Men

2.8*

1.7–4.6

  

Women

2.2*

1.5–3.1

  

Work with hands raised in level with the shoulders or higher

Total

2.3*

1.6–3.3

  

Men

2.1*

1.1–4.0

  

Women

2.5*

1.6–4.0

  

Lifting at least 15 kg several times a day

Total

2.2*

1.6–2.9

  

Men

2.0*

1.2–3.3

  

Women

2.8*

2.0–4.0

  

Mental work environment

Frequent feeling of own work effort being insufficient at the end of the day

Total

4.3*

3.2–5.8

3.8**

2.6–5.5

Men

4.2*

2.5–7.1

3.7**

1.9–7.1

Women

4.1*

2.9–5.8

3.6**

2.2–5.8

Experience the work as restricted and with lack of freedom

Total

3.5*

2.4–4.9

2.6**

1.8–3.8

Men

4.3*

2.4–7.9

3.5**

1.8–6.6

Women

2.8*

1.8–4.4

2.1**

1.3–3.6

Working alone and at risk of unsafe or threatening situations

Total

2.4*

1.8–3.2

1.8**

1.2–2.7

Men

1.8

1.1–3.1

1.5

0.8–2.9

Women

2.8*

2.0–4.1

2.1**

1.3–3.5

Feel that there is far too much to do at work

Total

1.5

0.7–3.2

  

Men

0.8

0.3–2.5

  

Women

2.1

0.7–5.9

  

No ability to decide the arrangement of own work

Total

1.3

1.0–1.8

  

Men

1.9*

1.1–3.2

  

Women

1.0

0.8–1.5

  

Work pace and working time

Dissatisfied with working time

Total

3.5*

2.4–5.2

2.9**

2.0–4.4

Men

2.5*

1.2–4.9

1.9

0.9–4.0

Women

4.2*

2.7–6.8

3.7**

2.3–6.1

Not enough rest and relaxation between working days (apart from sleeping time)

Total

2.7*

2.0–3.6

2.3**

1.6–3.3

Men

3.0*

1.8–5.1

3.6**

1.9–6.9

Women

2.3*

1.6–3.3

1.7*

1.0–2.6

Lack of opportunity to determine work rate

Total

1.9*

1.5–2.6

  

Men

1.9*

1.2–3.2

  

Women

1.7*

1.2–2.4

  

Management and social support in work

Lack of opportunity to partly decide the times at which different tasks are to be done

Total

2.2*

1.6–2.9

2.3**

1.2–3.6

Men

2.0*

1.3–3.3

1.5

0.7–3.2

Women

2.0

1.4–2.9

2.7**

1.5–4.9

Lack of enough support and help from superiors and colleagues at work

Total

2.1*

1.2–3.5

2.0*

1.2–3.4

Men

1.0

0.4–2.1

1.0

0.5–2.0

Women

3.5*

1.7–7.4

3.5**

1.7–7.3

Lack of enough opportunities for influence at work

Total

2.1*

1.3–3.6

  

Men

1.1

0.5–2.3

  

Women

3.0*

1.5–6.2

  

Motivation and work satisfaction

I am in generally dissatisfied with the work tasks

Total

5.3**

3.4–8.1

5.5**

3.4–9.5

Men

6.6*

3.3–13.0

6.9**

2.9–16.3

Women

4.7*

2.7–8.3

4.9**

2.4–9.9

The work tasks are monotonous

Total

2.8*

1.9–3.9

1.6*

1.1–2.6

Men

4.3*

2.4–7.6

2.0

0.9–4.5

Women

2.3*

1.4–3.6

1.5

0.8–2.8

Much of the work I do is meaningless

Total

2.3*

1.5–3.7

  

Men

2.6*

1.3–5.4

  

Women

2.5*

1.3–4.6

  

Competence and possibility for skills development

The work tasks are too simple for my competence

Total

1.9*

1.1–3.2

1.9*

1.1–3.2

Men

1.2

0.5–2.7

1.2

0.5–2.7

Women

2.7*

1.3–5.3

2.7*

1.3–5.3

The work gives no opportunity to learn something new and to develop professionally

Total

1.8*

1.3–2.5

  

Men

1.6

0.9–2.7

  

Women

2.0*

1.3–2.9