Interventions to prevent or treat childhood obesity in Māori & Pacific Islanders: a systematic review

BMC Public Health

Table 3 Comparison of the effectiveness of prevention and treatment interventions on outcomes of interest in overall participants and the sub-group of Māori and Pacific Islander participants

Authors & Country	Study type	Sub-group analysis of MPI participants	Effectiveness on intervention outcomes
			Improved anthropometry	Improved cardiometabolic	Improved psychological	Improved behavioural
Anderson, C.Y et al. [22] (2017) (NZ)	Treatment	Yes (cardiometabolic only)	× (BMI, WC)^a	× (HbA_1c, fasting insulin, CV fitness^b, PA levels/intensity) ✓ CV fitness^a	✓ (HR-QOL, overall psychological profile)^a	× (Screen time)
Chansavang, Y. et al. [23] (2015) (NZ)	Treatment	Participants were exclusively of MPI descent	× (BMI, WC)^a	✓ (VO₂max, BP, HbA_1c)^a × (fasting insulin)^a	–	–
Gittelsohn, J. et al. [24] (2010) (USA - Hawaii)	Prevention	No	–	–	✓ (Parent food knowledge)	✓ (Overall child dietary intake)
Maddison, R. et al. [27] (2014) (NZ)	Treatment	No	× (BMI, %BF, FFM, FM, WC)	–	–	× (Screen time, sedentary time, sleep, PA enjoyment, sedentary behaviour enjoyment)
Rush, E. et al. [26] (2012) (NZ)	Prevention	Yes	× (BMI, %BF)^a	× (BP)^a	–	–
Rush, R. et al. [25] (2014) (NZ)	Prevention	No	NR^c	NR^‡	–	–

MPI Māori and Pacific Islander, NZ New Zealand, BMI Body mass index, WC Waist circumference, HbA1c Glycated haemoglobin, CV Cardiovascular, PA Physical activity, BP Blood pressure, BF Body fat, FFM Fat-free mass, FM Fat mass
^aResults consistent in sub-group analysis of Māori and Pacific Islander participants
^bAssessed by a 550-m walk/run time
^cNot reported: authors did not report effect significance