Authors & Country | Design | Participants and retention | Intervention Characteristics | Control | Outcome Measure/s | Main Findings | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Setting | Description | Dose | ||||||
Anderson, C.Y et al. [22] (2017) (NZ) | RCT (Treatment) | n = 103 (I: n = 69; C: n = 69); aged 5–16 y with overweight/ obesity and comorbidities; 49% female; 45% Māori Retention: 69% (31% dropout) | Community sporting venues (intervention); Home (assessments) | “Whānau Pakari Program” Multidisciplinary program, delivered by a physical activity coordinator, dietitian, and psychologist. Sessions focused on an introduction to sports, making sustainable healthy lifestyle change and dietary education. | 12-month, weekly group sessions. 6- and 12-month follow-up with home visits, assessments, and advice | Physical assessments and advice bi-annually for 2 years | (1) Anthropometry: BMI SDS change, baseline − 12 mo. (2) Psychological: quality of life (HR-QOL); psychological characteristics (CBCL); Cardiometabolic: PA (steps/day; PA intensity); CV fitnessa; glycated hemoglobin; fasting insulin; Behavioural: screen time | No difference in BMI SDS reduction after 12 mo in Māori participants. CV fitness and HR-QOL sig. Improved in Māori participants. Attendance of ≥70% sessions sig. Increased BMI SDS reduction, CV fitness, parent HR-QOL and CBCL score. |
Chansavang, Y. et al. [23] (2015) (NZ) | Pre/post mixed methods (Treatment) | n = 18; “less-active adolescents”, mean age 16.3 y; 78% female; 72% Pacific; 28% Māori Retention: 89% (11% dropout) | Recreation Centre (after-school) | Group-based exercise and lifestyle intervention program. Sessions focused on a variety of physical activities, with dietary and lifestyle education delivered post-session. Text message support was provided, containing health-related quotes. | 6-week, 3 × 1.5 h per week sessions; follow-up at intervention conclusion | None | (1) Cardiometabolic: VO2max; insulin resistance (2) Cardiometabolic: glycated hemoglobin; fasting plasma glucose; fasting lipid profile; PA levels (IPAQ); Anthropometry: BMI, waist circumference; Behavioural (qualitative): session attendance; comments on program feasibility | Significant improvements in VO2max, systolic BP, weekly vigorous and moderate PA; however, waist circumference sig. Increased. No change in BMI or weight. Feasibility comments were positive, related to sport participation and helpfulness of texts. |
Gittelsohn, J. et al. [24] (2010) (USA - Hawaii) | Pre/post with control (Prevention) | n = 117 (I: n = 64; C: n = 53) child-caregiver pairs; mean child age 9.8 y; 65% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander; 50% female (child); 95% female (caregiver) Retention: 67% (33% dropout) | Five stores in two communities in Oahu and the Big Island. Population size: Oahu (n = 10,506); Big Island (n = 5748) | “Healthy Foods Hawaii” Increase availability of healthy foods in community stores. Intervention phases targeted: (1) Healthier beverages; (2) Healthier snacks; (3) Healthier condiments; and (4) Healthier meals. Educational and labelling materials were promoted in-store. Cooking demonstrations performed 4–6 times per phase. | Four phases, 6–8 weeks each, with 1–2 week break intervals. | Two communities on each island with no intervention | (1) Adult caregiver psychosocial factor and food-related behaviours (CIQ); Child psychosocial factors, food-related behaviours and food intake (CCIQ) | Mostly no differences overall; however, significant caregiver improvement in perceiving healthy foods as convenient, and significant child improvement in overall dietary score, particularly water and grain consumption. |
Maddison, R. et al. [27] (2014) (NZ) | RCT (Treatment) | n = 251 (I: n = 127; C: n = 124); aged 9–12 years with overweight/ obesity; 43% female; 13% Māori, 53% Pacific Retention: 95% (5% dropout) | Home environment with complementary digital intervention avenues | “SWITCH” Reducing all leisure-based screen-time activities in the home. Three elements offered to families: (1) Behaviour change strategies; (2) Budgeting media time; (3) Activity pack for children. | 20 weeks, initial face-to-face, then monthly digital resources. Follow-up at 24 week post-randomisation (4 weeks post-intervention) | Usual behaviour | (1) Anthropometry: BMI z-score (2) Anthropometry: BMI, weight (kg), WC, %BF; Cardiometabolic: PA frequency & intensity; Behavioural: total sedentary time (mins), sleep, dietary intake, enjoyment of PA and sedentary behaviour | No significant differences. |
Rush, E. et al. [26] (2012) (NZ) | RCT (Prevention) | n = 926 (I: n = 492; C: n = 434); aged 5–7 y; 51% female; 23% Māori n = 446 (I: n = 200; C: n = 226); aged 10–12 y; 51% female; 33% Māori Retention: Aged 5-7y - 80% (20% dropout) Aged 10-12y − 57% (43% dropout) | 124 primary schools | “Project Energize” Assignment of a dedicated healthy lifestyle champion - “Energizer” - to each school. Energizers were “agents of change” and integrated physical activity, healthy eating and educational initiatives into daily class activities. Parental nutrition education sessions were delivered. | 2 years, no specific dose. Assessments at baseline and 2 years. | Schools - no intervention with no restrictions on self-directed initiatives | (1) Anthropometry: body composition (BMI; %BF); Cardiometabolic: BP; | No significant differences in Māori population. |
Rush, R. et al. [25] (2014) (NZ) | RCT (Prevention) | n = 2959 (I: n = 2474; C: n = 485); aged 6–8 y; 52% female; 36% Māori n = 3670 (I: n = 2330; C: n = 1340); aged 9-11y; 54% female; 37% Māori Retention (number of schools): 82% (18% dropout) | 193 primary schools | As above | Months (n) of engagement with each school | Historical comparison with 2012 RCT control group [26] | (1) Cardiometabolic: BP; CV fitnessa; Anthropometry: body composition (BMI; %BF) | Overweight/obesity prevalence 31 and 15% lower in younger and older “Energized” children compared to historical comparison, respectively. BMI lower by 3 and 2.4%, respectively. Physical fitness also higher. |