Table 3 Factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes (death and treatment failure), n = 1597
From: Tuberculosis treatment outcomes among prisoners and general population in Zomba, Malawi
| Variable | Total (%) | Treatment Success | Unsuccessful Treatment | Crude OR (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 486 (30.5) | 444 (91.4) | 42 (8.6) | 1 | |||
| Male | 1110 (69.5) | 1027 (92.5) | 83 (7.5) | 1.17 (0.79–1.72) | 0.43 | ||
| Age | 0.68 (0.58–0.80) | 0.00 | |||||
| 15–24 | 186 (11.7) | 180 (96.8) | 6 (3.2) | 1 | |||
| 25–34 | 606 (38.0) | 566 (93.4) | 40 (6.6) | 0.47 (0.20–1.13) | 0.09 | ||
| 35–44 | 472 (29.6) | 436 (92.4) | 36 (7.6) | 0.40 (0.17–0.97) | 0.04 | ||
| 45–54 | 172 (10.8) | 156 (90.7) | 16 (9.3) | 0.32 (0.12–0.85) | 0.02 | ||
| = > 55 | 157 (9.9) | 130 (82.8) | 27 (17.2) | 0.16 (0.06–0.40) | 0.00 | ||
| Facility | 1.06 (0.62–1.79) | 0.82 | |||||
| Zomba Central Prison | 446 (27.9) | 421 (94.4) | 25 (5.6) | 1 | |||
| Zomba Central Hospital | 1151 (72.1) | 1051 (91.3) | 100 (8.7) | 1.60 (1.01–2.51) | 0.04 | ||
| TB Registration Year | 0.92 (0.52–1.38) | 0.98 | |||||
| 2011 | 279 (17.5) | 263 (94.3) | 16 (5.7) | 1 | |||
| 2012 | 276 (17.3) | 247 (89.5) | 29 (10.5) | 0.53 (0.27–1.03) | 0.06 | ||
| 2013 | 241 (15.1) | 217 (90.0) | 24 (10.0) | 0.51 (0.26–1.00) | 0.05 | ||
| 2014 | 269 (16.8) | 247 (90.2) | 22 (8.2) | 0.66 (0.33–1.30) | 0.23 | ||
| 2015 | 249 (15.6) | 232 (93.2) | 17 (6.8) | 0.90 (0.43–1.88) | 0.78 | ||
| 2016 | 283 (17.7) | 266 (94.0) | 17 (6.0) | 0.91 (0.44–1.86) | 0.79 | ||
| TB Form | 1.69 (1.08–2.63) | 0.01 | |||||
| Pulmonary TB | 1214 (76.0) | 1130 (93.1) | 84 (6.9) | 1 | |||
| Extra-Pulmonary TB | 383 (24.0) | 342 (89.3) | 41 (10.7) | 1.61 (1.08–2.38) | 0.02 | ||
| TB Category | 0.97 (0.67–1.40) | 0.88 | |||||
| New | 1332 (83.4) | 1233 (92.6) | 99 (7.4) | 1 | |||
| Relapse/ Return After Loss To Follow Up/Failed | 78 (4.9) | 76 (97.4) | 2 (2.6) | 3.04 (0.73–12.59) | 0.12 | ||
| Other | 186 (11.7) | 162 (87.0) | 24 (13.0) | 0.54 (0.33–0 .87) | 0.01 | ||
| HIV Status | 0.63 (0.42–0.94) | 0.02 | |||||
| Negative | 518 (32.4) | 497 (96.0) | 21 (4.0) | 1 | |||
| Positive | 1042 (65.3) | 944 (90.6) | 98 (9.4) | 0.40 (0.25–0.66) | 0.00 | ||