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Table 2 Study Characteristics, Adults

From: Effectiveness of diet and physical activity interventions among Chinese-origin populations living in high income countries: a systematic review

Author, year (ref)

Setting

Recruitment strategy

Data collection period

Enrollment (n)

%Female

Age range, years

Age, years (Mean, SD)

Immigration historya

Intervention (D, PA, D&PA)b

Intervention Duration

Chesla 2016 [39]

Urban, San Francisco, CA, USA

Recruited through Chinese community centers, churches, grocery stores

2015

25

64

18+

57.6 (14.8) among 9 Mandarin; 54.0 (10.8) among 16 English

First-generation (n = 20) or second-generation (n = 5).

SL-ASIA (Mandarin Group): 2.1 (SD = 0.5).

SL-ASIA (English Group): 2.9 (SD = 0.6)

D&PA

6 months

Chiang 2009 [40]

Massachusetts, USA

Volunteers were recruited from Chinese churches, the Chinese Golden Age Center, and Chinese outpatient clinics.

NR

128

63

Age minimum was 66

73.4 (SD = 6.1)

First generation.

Mean time since immigration:

Culturally modified group (n = 58) = 21.23 years (SD = 12.89)

Nonmodified group

(n = 70) = 14.74 (SD = 9.47)

PA

2 months

Deng 2019 [41]

Urban, Greater Houston area, TX, USA

Chinese cancer survivors aged 18+ were recruited through emails, press releases, local Chinese newspapers, and announcements at local TV programs.

January 2013 to January 2014

55

78

19–91

61.7 (SD = 11.8)

First generation. Mean time since immigration: 22.2 years (SD = 11.6)

D & PA

50 weeks

Lee 2017 [38]

Urban (Korean-Chinese church and a migrant resource center); South Korea

Workers were recruited through posting and distribution of fliers at 3 Korean Chinese churches, a migrant resource center, and Korean Chinese markets. A pastor’s announcement of the study at the end of a Sunday service and word of mouth were also used to recruit participants.

January to June 2013 for the ST group and April to August 2014 for the ET group.

132

100

40–65

56.4 (SD = 5.1)

Mean duration of stay in Korea was 102.90 ± 68.08 months (about 8.5 years)

PA

6 months (3 month adoption and 3 month maintenance)

Lu 2014 [42]

Urban; Boston, MA, USA

Ads were placed in local media, and fliers were sent to neighboring primary care practices.

members of the program between January 2011–December 2011

99

58

61–83

70.6 (SD = 5.8)

NR

D&PA

6 months

Sun 2012c [43]

Urban; San Francisco, CA, USA

Convenience sample of members of Chinese Community Health Partners and Chinese Community Health Research Center’s general health education program.

NR

27

52.2

NR

3 60–69 yo; 12 70–79 yo; 5 80–89 yo; 3 undisclosed

NR

D&PA

6 months

Taing 2017 [37]

Urban; Sydney, Australia

16 Mandarin-speaking general practitioners (GPs) practicing within the Central Sydney General Practice Network were recruited for the study and trained by bilingual lifestyle officers (LOs) prior to screening potential participants. The two bilingual LOs included a dietitian and an exercise physiologist that were trained in health coaching, group program delivery and standardised data collection used for evaluation. Chinese individuals were screened and referred to this study by their GP. As part of the screening and referral process, GPs administered the AUSDRISK assessment tool to determine the person’s risk of developing diabetes within five years. All individuals at high risk had blood tests to exclude undiagnosed diabetes. Those without undiagnosed diabetes who were medically cleared by their GPs were referred to the study.

NR

78

56.4

50–65

55.5(SD = 4.1)

NR

D&PA

12 months

Taylor-Piliae 2006 [44]

Urban; San Francisco, CA, USA

Subjects were recruited from the community center in cohorts, limited to 20 per group, to ensure individual attention.

NR

39

69.2

NR

65.7 (SD = 8.3)

NR

PA

3 months

Wang 2019 [45]

Urban; Midwest city, USA

Ethnically Chinese employees at an urban catering company worksite were screened for T2DM risk factors using a Chinese version of the Canadian Diabetes Risk Assessment Questionnaire (CANRISK).

NR

6

83.3

NR

NR

First generation. The majority were from mainland China and immigrated to the US within the past 5–10 years of study enrollment.

D&PA

3 months

Wang 2013 [31]

Urban; New York, NY, USA

All participants were ethnically Chinese attending a medical practice located in the neighborhood of Flushing in New York City. We screened a large database of patients attending the clinic (about 500), from which 100 patients were selected based on the exclusion/inclusion criteria detailed in methods and randomly assigned to either brown rice (n ¼ 49) or white rice (n ¼ 51) groups

NR

100

67

NR

Mean (SD) for white rice: 50 (9) and brown rice: 55 (9)

NR

D

3 months

Wang 1998 [46]

Urban; Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

Community center (“Golden Ager Association”)

NR

36

52

51–96

71.8 (SD = 9.6)

NR

D&PA

12 months

Wang 2005 [47]

Urban; Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

recruited from Chinese American social clubs, religious organizations, clinics, referrals from private physician offices, and newspaper advertisements

NR

40

51.5 (of 33 participants)

NR

68.8 (SD = 10.1)

Mean length of time in the US (n = 33): 16.5 (SD = 9.3)

D

10 weeks

Yeh 2016 [32]

Urban; New York, NY, USA

Chinese American Independent Practice Association (CAIPA), in collaboration with the Chinese Community Partnership for Health of New York Presbyterian-Lower Manhattan Hospital (formerly named New York Downtown Hospital).

2012–2013

60

56.7

NR

Mean (SD)Control: 60.9 (12.2)

Intervention: 56.8 (9.5)

NR

D&PA

12 months

Zou 2017 [33]

Urban; Greater Toronto Area, Canada

Among the 618 Chinese Canadians who participated in blood pressure screening, 105 (17.0%) individuals were eligible to participate in this pilot trial. Among these 105 individuals, 60 (57.1%) agreed to participate and were recruited.

NR

60

51.7

NR

62.0 years (SD = 11.2)

Mean number of years living in Canada was 9.2 (SD = 6.2)

D&PA

5 weeks; pre and posttest follow-up at 8 weeks

  1. aSL-ASIA Suinn-Lew Asian self-identity acculturation scale, bD Diet, PA Physical Activity, NR Not reported, SD Standard deviation
  2. cStudy participants included mothers and children; mothers reported here