Table 1 Typology of Innovative Health Care Mobility Services
| Type I | Type II | Type III | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Health care provider leverages TNC technology | Insurer partners with TNC | Paratransit provider partners with TNC | |
| Who books the ride? | Clinician (on patient’s behalf); patient | Patient or clinician | Usually the rider/patient |
| Who pays? | Health care provider; broker; patient | Insurance company; health plan | Transit agency; patient pays ‘fare’ with substantial subsidy from transit agency |
| Eligible for Medicaid reimbursement? | Varies; in many cases, yes, given patient eligibility | n/a | Yes, given patient eligibility |
| Patient Benefits: | • Shorter wait times & less uncertainty • Reminders through smartphone or analog phone | • Financial support • Addresses social determinant of health | • Flexible booking circumvents need for advance booking • Increased trip reliability • Patients who otherwise can’t afford TNC service have access |
| Health Care Provider Benefits: | • Real-time tracking patients’ trips as well as own spending • Flexible booking | • Greater patient engagement • Reduced costs in long-term | • Reduced appointment no-shows |