Table 5 Risk Perceptions Pre, Post, and 8 Month Post-Intervention, Adolescent Pesticide Applicators in Egypt

n

%

n

%

P^a

n

%

P^a

1. Will exposure to pesticides cause an immediate health risk?

Unlikely

29

30.5

5

5.3

24

25.3

Likely

66

69.5

90

94.7

64

67.4

IDK

0

0.0

0

0.0

<.001

7

7.4

0.141

2. Will exposure to pesticides cause a long-term health risk?

Unlikely

21

22.1

2

2.1

5

5.3

Likely

71

74.7

93

97.9

86

90.5

IDK

3

3.2

0

0.0

<.001

4

4.2

< 0.001

3. How much risk are you exposed to while using pesticides?

No Risk/Medium

88

92.6

52

54.7

44

46.3

Significant Risk

7

7.4

43

45.3

<.001

51

53.7

<.001

4. Direct exposure on skin to pesticides is not harmful to human health.

Disagree/Neutral

60

63.2

87

91.6

67

70.5

Agree

35

36.8

8

8.4

<.001

28

29.5

0.286

5. Pesticides are a greater risk to adults than adolescents.

Disagree

47

49.5

92

96.8

54

56.8

Agree/Neutral

48

50.5

3

3.2

<.001

41

43.2

0.300

6. A pesticide would not be put on the market if it were not safe for humans to use.

Disagree

31

32.6

39

41.1

6

6.3

Agree/Neutral

64

67.4

56

58.9

0.032

89

93.7

<.001

7. How confident are you that you are able to prevent yourself from being exposed to pesticides?

Not Confident/Neutral

58

61.1

19

20.0

27

28.4

Confident

37

38.9

76

80.0

<.001

68

71.6

<.001

8. If you need advice on how to safely handle a pesticide, how confident are you that you would be able to get advice?

Not Confident/Neutral

45

47.4

14

14.7

21

22.1

Confident

50

52.6

81

85.3

<.001

74

77.9

<.001

9. Using hands to mix pesticides can cause sickness.

Disagree/Neutral

22

23.2

3

3.2

18

18.9

Agree

73

76.8

92

96.8

<.001

77

81.1

0.479

10. If I mix pesticides with my hands it could make me sick.

Disagree/Neutral

21

22.1

2

2.1

20

21.1

Agree

74

77.9

93

97.9

<.001

75

78.9

0.869

11. Using a stick instead of my hands to mix pesticides will prevent me from getting sick.

Disagree/Neutral

23

24.2

10

10.5

28

29.5

Agree

72

75.8

85

89.5

0.003

67

70.5

0.411

12. I am able to use a stick instead of my hands to mix pesticides.

Disagree/Neutral

18

18.9

2

2.1

16

16.8

Agree

77

81.1

93

97.9

<.001

79

83.2

0.683

13. Entering fields that were recently sprayed will cause sickness.

Disagree/Neutral

28

29.5

5

5.3

24

25.3

Agree

67

70.5

90

94.7

<.001

71

74.7

0.527

14. If I enter a field that was recently sprayed I am likely to get sick.

Disagree/Neutral

28

29.5

6

6.3

28

29.5

Agree

67

70.5

89

93.7

<.001

67

70.5

1.000

15. Staying out of fields that were recently sprayed will prevent me from getting sick

Disagree/Neutral

18

18.9

6

6.3

32

33.7

Agree

77

81.1

89

93.7

0.005

63

66.3

0.023

16. I can stay out of fields that were recently sprayed.

Disagree/Neutral

20

21.1

7

7.4

30

31.6

Agree

75

78.9

88

92.6

0.002

65

68.4

0.096

17. Wearing clothes with pesticide residues on them for several hours will cause sickness.

Disagree/Neutral

29

30.5

0

0.0

10

10.5

Agree

66

69.5

95

100.0

NA

85

89.5

<.001

18. If I wear clothes with pesticide residues for several hours, I am likely to get sick.

Disagree/Neutral

27

28.4

1

1.1

7

7.4

Agree

68

71.6

94

98.9

<.001

88

92.6

<.001

19. Changing into clean clothes after working with pesticides will prevent me from getting sick.

Disagree/Neutral

13

13.7

1

1.1

10

10.5

Agree

82

86.3

94

98.9

0.001

85

89.5

0.491

20. I can wear clean clothes with no pesticide residues.

Disagree/Neutral

6

6.3

1

1.1

5

5.3

Agree

89

93.7

94

98.9

0.059

90

94.7

0.763

21. I can be exposed to be pesticides by breathing in pesticides when they are sprayed.

Disagree/Neutral

12

12.6

2

2.1

7

7.4

Agree

83

87.4

93

97.9

0.002

88

92.6

0.225

22. I can be exposed to be pesticides by mixing pesticides with bare hands.

Disagree/Neutral

9

9.5

0

0.0

19

20.0

Agree

86

90.5

95

100.0

NA

76

80.0

0.050

23. I can be exposed to be pesticides by eating food in the field.

Disagree/Neutral

14

14.7

3

3.2

13

13.7

Agree

81

85.3

92

96.8

0.002

82

86.3

0.847

24. I can be exposed to be pesticides by not washing hands before eating after applying pesticides.

Disagree/Neutral

15

15.8

2

2.1

3

3.2

Agree

80

84.2

93

97.9

<.001

92

96.8

0.005

25. I can be exposed to be pesticides by touching pesticides and then touching your eyes or other parts of your face.

Disagree/Neutral

22

23.2

1

1.1

6

6.3

Agree

73

76.8

94

98.9

<.001

89

93.7

<.001

26. I can be exposed to be pesticides by splashing pesticides on my clothes.

Disagree/Neutral

39

41.1

2

2.1

28

29.5

Agree

56

58.9

93

97.9

<.001

67

70.5

0.101

27. I can be exposed to be pesticides by walking in fields that were recently sprayed.

Disagree/Neutral

22

23.2

5

5.3

32

33.7

Agree

73

76.8

90

94.7

<.001

63

66.3

0.104

28. I can be exposed to be pesticides by storing pesticides in the field station.

Disagree/Neutral

59

62.1

19

20.0

58

61.1

Agree

36

37.9

76

80.0

<.001

37

38.9

0.882

29. Bathing immediately after applying pesticides will reduce my exposure to pesticides.

Disagree/Neutral

7

7.4

0

0.0

14

14.7

Agree

88

92.6

95

100.0

NA

81

85.3

0.090

30. Wearing clothes with pesticide residues will reduce my exposure to pesticides.

Disagree/Neutral

87

91.6

92

96.8

86

90.5

Agree

8

8.4

3

3.2

0.132

9

9.5

0.782

31. Getting pesticides on your skin will reduce my exposure to pesticides.

Disagree

80

84.2

94

98.9

85

89.5

Agree/Neutral

15

15.8

1

1.1

<.001

10

10.5

0.297