Simultaneous quantile regression and determinants of under-five severe chronic malnutrition in Ghana

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Results of multivariable linear regression analysis for under-five child height-for-age z-scores

Variables	β	95% CI	p-value
Child characteristics
Type of birth`
Single	ref
Multiple	−0.640	(−0.858, − 0.422)	< 0.001***
Sex
Male	ref
Female	0.136	(0.046, 0.225)	0.013**
Age (months)	−0.019	(−0.022, − 0.017)	< 0.001***
Had diarrhoea
No	ref
Yes	−0.199	(− 0.337, − 0.061)	0.005**
Place of delivery
Health facility	ref
Home	−0.182	(−0.290, − 0.074)	0.001**
Size at birth
Large/average	ref
Small	−0.405	(− 0.527, − 0.283)	< 0.001***
Maternal/Household
Maternal age	0.023	(0.014, 0.031)	< 0.001***
Children < 5 years	−0.251	(− 0.373, − 0.129)	< 0.001***
Health insurance
Had no health insurance	ref
Had health insurance	0.243	(0.143, 0.343)	< 0.001***
Wealth status
Average/ rich	ref
Poor	−0.289	(−0.394, − 0.184)	< 0.001***
Maternal education
Primary/higher	ref
No formal education	−0.131	(− 0.237, − 0.024)	0.016***

β: coefficient of parameter. CI: confidence interval. *: p-value < 0.05. **: p-value< 0.01. ***: p-value < 0.001. ref.: reference category
Note: The DHS categorises the wealth index as poorest, poor, middle, richer and richest. However, in this work, we combined poorest and poorer as poor. Also, middle, richer and richest were combined as average/rich. Similar recoding was done for size at birth, place of delivery and maternal education

ISSN: 1471-2458